In vitro effect of oral antiseptics on human immunodeficiency virus‐1 and herpes simplex virus type 1

Abstract

The methods used in this investigation allow easy and reproducible evaluations of antiviral efficacy. The anti-HIV-1 and anti-HSV-1 effects of LA, TLA, PX and CHX as evidenced in our in vitro study suggest that we should investigate potential in vivo effects during the use of essential oil-containing or chlorhexidine containing products when used by patients as mouthrinses. If the clinical studies confirm the in vitro data, pre-procedural use by clinicians may be beneficial in reducing viral contamination of bio-aerosols during the delivery of dental care.

HIV-1 Infection of Female Genital Tract Tissue for Use in Prevention Studies

“…Before collection of female genital tract tissue, women commonly have the vaginal vault “washed” with an antiseptic solution and may have the biopsy site numbed with a topical anesthetic. Topical antiseptic solutions often contain chlorhexidine which is a potent antibacterial compound and is known to inactivate HIV-1 and HSV [10]. Because the immune and nervous systems communicate with each other, anesthetics are known to dampen the immune response [11].…”

“…While additional preparatory procedures of the vaginal vault such as the use of chlorhexidine and lidocaine had no impact on HIV-1 infection, chlorhexidine modestly increased HIV-1 replication by vaginal tissue when adjusted for weight, but not ectocervical tissue. Chlorhexidine is a potent antibacterial compound with documented anti-viral activity [10] and is a common ingredient in mouthwashes and topically applied products. Chlorhexidine was shown to enhance HSV transmission and induce prolonged susceptibility to Chlamydia in mice [20, 21].…”

Effects of Dentin on the Antimicrobial Properties of Endodontic Medicaments

“…In high concentrations CHX has the ability to coagulate intracellular constituents of the microbial cells. The antiviral effect of CHX has also been reported (27).…”

Pharmaceutical and therapeutic Potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review

“…HSV-1 and HSV-2 have also developed resistance to one of these (acyclovir) mainly in immuno-compromised hosts (Birch et al, 1990;Wagstaff et al, 1994). Plant extracts, especially essential oils, may afford a potential alternative to synthetic antiviral drugs: they have demonstrated virucidal properties, with the advantage of low toxicity compared with the synthetic antiviral drugs (Baqui et al, 2001;Primo et al, 2001;Schnitzer et al, 2001). Incorporation of Artemisia arborescens essential oil in multilamellar liposomes greatly improved its activity against intracellular Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) (Sinicoa et al, 2005).…”