In Vitro dry Matter Disappearance of Brown Midrib Mutants of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Barnes, R. F.; Muller, L.D.; Bauman, L. F.; Colenbrander, V.F.

doi:10.2527/jas1971.334881x

Cited by 83 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Genotypes containing different mutant bm alleles showed not only lower lignin content but also lower yield and lower cellulose content than isogenic lines without mutations [45]. bm1 and bm3 mutant cobs showed high in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) with 74.8-79.8% compared to 67.9% in the isogenic controls and had highest IVDMD compared to stem, leaf, sheath, and 35 days postsilking [104]. However, TEP and TYP for cobs of other hybrids carrying bm mutants 1-4 were lower than of isogenic reference hybrids [45].…”

Section: Genetics Of Cob Formationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Turning Maize Cobs into a Valuable Feedstock

Jansen

Lübberstedt

2011

Bioenerg. Res.

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With rising energy demand and limited resources, the need for alternative energy production is increasing. Maize cobs have an advantageous composition for the production of biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol but are currently left unused on the fields after harvest. Furthermore, cobs contain a low concentration of nitrogen (<1%). Therefore, cob harvest will not deplete soil fertility. Consequently, maize cobs are a cheap and promising source for sustainable energy production. Yet with primary focus on grain yield, no or little effort has been spent to increase cob biomass yield in addition to grain yield. Both cob and grain yield are complex inherited traits affected by the environment. Breeding of dual-purpose maize varieties with simultaneously increased cob and grain yield requires a deeper understanding of factors influencing both cob and grain development. In this article, the available knowledge on the genetics of cob formation and current and future applications of maize cob utilization are discussed to evaluate the prospects for development of dual-purpose maize varieties.

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Section: Genetics Of Cob Formationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Turning Maize Cobs into a Valuable Feedstock

Jansen

Lübberstedt

2011

Bioenerg. Res.

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“…The effect of maize brown midrib mutations on lignin content was first evidenced by Kuc and Nelson [127]. A few years later, the effect of these mutants on forage feeding value (digestibility or ingestibility) was first evidenced by Barnes et al [23] from in vitro studies. In sorghum, 19 independently occurring brown midrib mutants were identified in segregating progenies of chemically treated seeds of two lines by Porter et al [151].…”

Section: Brown-midrib Plant Discovery and Main Traitsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic variation and breeding strategies for improved cell wall digestibility in annual forage crops. A review

et al. 2003

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-Forage plants are the basis of ruminant nutrition, and cell wall digestibility is the limiting factor of their feeding value. Cell wall digestibility is therefore "the" target for improving the feeding value of forage crops. Among annual forages, maize cropped for silage making is the most widely used, and much research in genetics, physiology and molecular biology of annual forages is devoted to maize. Sorghum, immature small grain cereals and straws of small grain cereals are also given to cattle. Some dicotyledons are or were also used, such as forage beets, kales, canola in temperate areas and amaranths in tropical and subtropical areas. Large genetic variation for cell wall digestibility was proved from both in vivo and in vitro experiments in numerous species. Among the regular maize hybrids (excluding brown-midrib ones), the NDF in vivo digestibility nearly doubled from 32.9 to 60.1%. Correlations between in vivo and in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility were often close to 0.75, but in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility significantly reduced the range of variation between genotypes. Despite lignin content is well known as the major factor making cell wall undigestible, breeding for a higher digestibility of plant only from a lignin content trait appeared impossible. Correlations between lignin content and cell wall digestibility were indeed greatly variable according to the genetic background. Moreover, enzymatic solubilities were excessively dependent on lignin, and correlation between in vivo estimates of cell wall digestibility and lignin content were always lower than correlation between in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility and lignin content. Among brown-midrib genes, the bm3 mutant in maize, and the bmr12 (and possibly bmr18) mutant in sorghum, which are both altered in the COMT activity, appeared as the most efficient in cell wall digestibility improvement. Moreover, a great genetic variation in the efficiency of the maize bm3 gene for cell wall digestibility improvement was observed according to the genetic background, with a lower efficiency when the normal germplasm was of better cell wall digestibility. Efficient breeding maize and others annual forage plants demands a renewing of genetic resources. Because resources of interest in cell wall digestibility improvement could be of poor agronomic value, the best is likely to cell wall digestibility / ingestibility / annual forage / maize / genetic variation / breeding / lignin Résumé -Amélioration de la digestibilité des parois des fourrages annuels. Les plantes fourragères sont à la base de l'alimentation des ruminants, mais leur valeur nutritive est limitée par la digestibilité variable des parois végétales, dont l'amélioration est alors la cible essentielle des programmes de sé-lection. Parmi les fourrages annuels, le maïs est la plante la plus cultivée, et c'est sur cette espèce que porte l'essentiel de la recherche en génétique, physiologie et biologie moléculaire. Toutefois, le sorgho, les céréales à paill...

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“…In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was determined by the method of Tilley and Terry (1963) as modified by Barnes et al (1971). Structural components viz.…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper and Manganese Increase Resistance of Clusterbean to Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia

Wadhwa

Joshi

Gandhi

2012

Journal of Phytopathology

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Clusterbean seedlings growing in soil inoculated with Rhizoctonia were treated with either 5 or 10 ppm Cu 2+ and Mn 2+ . Soil was inoculated by pretreatment with 250 mg (wet weight) of Rhizoctonia inoculum. A similar set of plants was maintained in uninoculated soil. Root rot incidence of plants treated with Cu 2+ 5 ppm, Cu 2+ 10 ppm, Mn 2+ 5 ppm and Mn 2+ 10 ppm was 26.6, 30.5, 11.8 and 29.2% less than the inoculated control, respectively. Inoculation with Rhizoctonia reduced chlorophyll, non-structural carbohydrate and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) content compared with uninoculated ones. Oxidative enzymes activities (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase), crude protein, phenolic content, structural components (acid detergent fibre, cellulose and lignin), silica, macronutrients and micronutrients increased in inoculated seedlings and this increase was further heightened by the Cu 2+ 10 ppm treatment compared with the Cu 2+ 5 ppm, Mn 2+ 5 ppm and Mn 2+ 10 ppm treatments in response to fungal invasion. It was concluded that the Cu 2+ 10 ppm treatment may be an effective soil nutrient to provide enhanced resistance of clusterbean plants to root rot (fungal) diseases.

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In Vitro dry Matter Disappearance of Brown Midrib Mutants of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Cited by 83 publications

References 2 publications

Turning Maize Cobs into a Valuable Feedstock

Turning Maize Cobs into a Valuable Feedstock

Genetic variation and breeding strategies for improved cell wall digestibility in annual forage crops. A review

Copper and Manganese Increase Resistance of Clusterbean to Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia

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