In vitro dissolution profile of transdermal nitroglycerin patches using paddle method

Shah, Vinod P.; Tymes, Norlin W.; Yamamoto, Lawrence A.; Skelly, Jerome P.

doi:10.1016/0378-5173(86)90185-7

Cited by 47 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The medicated gel was spread on the surface of a watch glass of 10 cm 2 surface area. The release studies were carried out according to the USP paddle method [30], using 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 5.5) at 50 rpm and a temperature of 32°C (SR8 PLUS, Hanson dissolution tester, USA). Aliquots of 5 mL were withdrawn from the release medium at predetermined time interval and replaced by equivalent amounts of the buffer solution.…”

Section: In Vitro Release Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical liquid crystalline gel containing lornoxicam/cyclodextrin complex

Ammar

Ghorab

Mahmoud

et al. 2011

J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem

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Lornoxicam is a potent analgesic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can be used topically to relieve pain and to reduce inflammation. The objectives of this study were to improve the therapeutic efficacy of lornoxicam by complexation with cyclodextrins and to formulate it in liquid crystalline gel. Lornoxicam and b-cyclodextrin (bCD) or hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin (HPbCD) complexes were prepared using the kneaded method in 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 drug:CD molar ratios. Inclusion complexation in aqueous solution and solid state was evaluated by the ultraviolet, phase solubility diagram, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The stoichiometry for the inclusion complex was found to be 1:2 drug:CD molar ratio as determined from Job's plot. This result was confirmed by the in vitro dissolution studies for the prepared complexes. Among all the prepared complexes, the complex prepared with bCD in 1:2 drug:CD molar ratio showed highest improvement in drug dissolution and was chosen to be formulated in a topical preparation. For developing liquid crystalline gel, different ratios of Brij 97, glycerol and oils (liquid paraffin, isopropyl myristate and Miglyol Ò 812) were prepared. The formula composed of Brij 97 and glycerol in 3:1 weight ratio, 10% Miglyol Ò 812 and 40% water showed higher drug release compared to the other prepared gels. Moreover, this formula showed low ex vivo permeation on excised pigskin thus it could offer high topical effect with low systematic side effects. This formula showed superior anti-inflammatory activity when applied topically on rats' skin after induction of burn compared to that of Feldene Ò gel.

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Section: In Vitro Release Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical liquid crystalline gel containing lornoxicam/cyclodextrin complex

Ammar

Ghorab

Mahmoud

et al. 2011

J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem

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“…To ensure the patch-to-patch in vitro release reproducibility of transdermal films, a newly developed Cygnus' sandwich-patch holder, a slightly modified Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sandwich-patch holder, was employed in dissolution testing (13,14). The dissolution vessel (covered with black paper) contained 500 ml of deaerated water maintained at 32°C Ϯ 0.5°C, the temperature of the skin surface (13).…”

Section: In Vitro Dissolution Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dissolution vessel (covered with black paper) contained 500 ml of deaerated water maintained at 32°C Ϯ 0.5°C, the temperature of the skin surface (13). The paddle speed was set at 50 rpm.…”

Section: In Vitro Dissolution Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal Delivery of Propranolol Using Mixed Grades of Eudragit: Design and in Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Verma

Iyer

2000

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

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A matrix-dispersion-type transdermal drug delivery system of propranol was developed using different ratios of mixed polymeric grades of Eudragit. Formulations were evaluated for in vitro dissolution characteristics using a Cygnus' sandwich patch holder. Selected formulations followed zero-order release kinetics. In vivo evaluation was carried out on healthy human volunteers following a balanced incomplete block design (BIBD). In vitro dissolution rate constant k and pharmacokinetic parameters generated from plasma and urine were evaluated statistically. Statistically excellent correlation was found between percentages of drug absorbed from patch versus Cmax, AUC0-24, and AUC0-alpha. A highly significant difference was observed when Cmax and AUC0-alpha generated from plasma and urine data were compared, but when ke, t1/2e, ka, and t1/2a were compared, the difference was not significant. Urinary excretion data are suggested as a simpler alternative to blood-level data in studying the kinetics of absorption and deriving the absorption parameter.

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“…The edges of the device were covered with Amir adhesive to avoid direct drug release from edges. The drug release rate from the device was determined using USP dissolution tester 16) (USP dissolution tester, Apparatus Il, Pharma Test, Germany), maintained at 37Ϯ0.5°C and stirred at 25 rpm. The glass plate device assembly was immersed in 200 ml of Sorensen phosphate buffer (pHϭ7.4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Tenoxicam Release from Hydrophilic Matrix: Modulator Membrane versus Rate-Controlling Membrane

El-Nabarawi

2005

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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This paper describes the preparation of two layered device comprising of tenoxicam containing layer and a drug free membrane layer based on Geomatrix ® Technology. Our device based on bilaminated films which produced by a casting/solvent evaporation technique. The drug-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) layer was covered by drug free membrane layer composed of a mixture of different ratios of HPMC and ethyl cellulose (EC). The prepared devices were evaluated for thickness, weight, drug content uniformity, water absorption capacity and in-vitro drug release. The films were also evaluated for appearance, smoothness and transparency. The influence of drug free membrane layer composition and thickness on the drug release pattern was studied on 12 devices (D1 to D12). The results indicate that, the release of drug from HPMC matrixes without the drug free membrane layer was fast and follows diffusion controlled mechanism. The release of drug from the devices D1, D4, D9 and D12 follow the same mechanism, while the release of drug from other devices become linear with time (zero order) and extended for long time especially when thickness and the ratio of EC was increased in the drug free membrane layer. From this study it is concluded that, changing the geometry of drug layer by addition of drug free membrane layer and changing its composition and thickness plays an important role in determining whether the drug free membrane layer is rate-controlling or modulator membrane. Hence it can facilitate the development of different pharmaceutical products with different release pattern.

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In vitro dissolution profile of transdermal nitroglycerin patches using paddle method

Cited by 47 publications

References 1 publication

Topical liquid crystalline gel containing lornoxicam/cyclodextrin complex

Topical liquid crystalline gel containing lornoxicam/cyclodextrin complex

Transdermal Delivery of Propranolol Using Mixed Grades of Eudragit: Design and in Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Modulation of Tenoxicam Release from Hydrophilic Matrix: Modulator Membrane versus Rate-Controlling Membrane

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