In vitro Cytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on Human Periodontal Fibroblasts

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (NNPs) are extensively used for all kinds of antimicrobial applications in medical research. Their efficacy has been demonstrated against Streptococcus mutans, which is associated with dental caries. However, their cytotoxic effects on human periodontal tissue are not completely understood.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic cellular effects of different concentrations and sizes of silver nanoparticles, less than 10 nm, 15–20 nm, and 80–100 nm, respectively, on human periodontal fibroblasts. Study design: Primary culture cells isolated from human periodontal tissue were exposed to 0–1,000 µM silver nanoparticles of each size for 24-, 72-, and 168-hour periods. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with a nonradioactive, soluble MTS/PMS assay. Results: The results demonstrated that silver nanoparticles of less than 20 nm increased cytotoxicity in human periodontal fibroblasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: The 80–100-nm-sized nanoparticles did not modify the viability of human primary culture cells.

Pharmacological and toxicological effects of co-exposure of human gingival fibroblasts to silver nanoparticles and sodium fluoride

“…Nowadays, AgNPs are also being introduced as therapeutic antimicrobial agents in dental practice, although some concerns have emerged regarding their toxicological effects. 5,16 Indeed, while the toxicological effects of both F and AgNPs had been previously investigated, our study is the first to analyze the outcome of pharmacological/toxicological interactions of a combination of two xenobiotics. Although positive interactions (additive or synergistic effects) were most likely to take place considering the individual profiles of the interacting agents, the opposite outcome, ie, antagonism had to be also considered.…”

“…smaller nanoparticles is due to the fact that smaller particles penetrate more easily through cell membranes and cell walls, and that relative to larger nanoparticles, smaller particles have a greater surface area to volume ratio. [1][2][3][4][5] Thus, silver compounds as nanoparticles have been widely used as dental restorative material, endodontic retrofill cements, dental implants, and as a caries inhibitory solution.…”

“…Despite the effectiveness that AgNPs have shown in dental practice, the toxicity of AgNPs has not yet been fully evaluated. 5 Fluoride (F) in various forms is the most popular active ingredient in dental products to prevent cavities as well as a commonly used agent in dental practice. On the other hand, F has been shown to be toxic, not only to the skeletal system, but also to the soft tissues by multiple mechanisms, such as enzyme activity inhibition, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, impairment of the antioxidant defense system, induction of inflammation, and apoptosis.…”

Biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles for use in dental resin formulations

“…24 Metal dopants or codopants are, however, not ideal for eventual clinical use due to the potential for metal leaching and toxicity to the surrounding tissue when used at concentrations necessary for killing pathogenic bacteria. 28,29 In this report, nitrogen-doped TiO 2 particles (N-TiO 2 NPs) were synthesized based on a representative literature source 18 for potential incorporation into a novel dental resin material with light-activated antibacterial properties. N-TiO 2 NPs were extensively characterized by various techniques.…”

Cytotoxicity of AgNPs/CS composite films: AgNPs immobilized in chitosan matrix contributes a higher inhibition rate to cell proliferation

“…3 However, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity [4][5][6] of AgNPs raise risk for patient exposure. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs is directly proportional to the silver concentration, and 5-50 mg/ml AgNPs cause acute toxicity in rat liver cells (BRL 3A).…”