In vitro cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility assays for biomaterial testing under regulatory platform

Komeri, Remya; Kasoju, Naresh; Kumar, P.R. Anil

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823966-7.00009-8

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Cell growth was carried out using DMEM with 10% FBS, 100 units/mL penicillin (Lonza, Verviers, Belgium), and 100 mg/mL streptomycin (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences), at a temperature of 37 °C and 5% carbon dioxide. The cytotoxic effects of the film extract on cell viability were analyzed by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The human keratinocytes were planted at a density of 10 4 cells/well onto a 96-well plate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Films of Calcium Alginate Inactivate Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2022

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The current pandemic is urgently demanding the development of alternative materials capable of inactivating the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease. Calcium alginate is a crosslinked hydrophilic biopolymer with an immense range of biomedical applications due to its excellent chemical, physical, and biological properties. In this study, the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of calcium alginate in the form of films were studied. The results showed that these films, prepared by solvent casting and subsequent crosslinking with calcium cations, are biocompatible in human keratinocytes and are capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as bacteriophage phi 6 with a 1.43-log reduction (94.92% viral inactivation) and SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant with a 1.64-log reduction (96.94% viral inactivation) in virus titers. The antiviral activity of these calcium alginate films can be attributed to its compacted negative charges that may bind to viral envelopes inactivating membrane receptors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Films of Calcium Alginate Inactivate Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2022

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“…Subsequently, the status of the cell is observed for metabolism and growth. Additionally, this is a reliable method in the selection of biomaterials for clinical applications [ 11 ]. The MTT method is normally used for analyzing the cytocompatibility of test materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adverse interaction of biomaterials with blood components or cells can damage the blood cells and tissues. Hence, these properties should be analyzed while developing a suitable biomaterial [ 10 , 11 ]. Therefore, the necessity of superior biocompatible molecules with the desired structure and physicochemical properties is absolutely essential for successful application in the biomedical industry, especially for tissue engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization and Biocompatibility of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis from the Saltern of Kumta Coast

Andrew

Jayaraman

2022

Polymers

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The use of natural polysaccharides as biomaterials is gaining importance in tissue engineering due to their inherent biocompatibility. In this direction, the present study aims to explore the structure and biocompatibility of the EPS produced by Virgibacillus dokdonensis VITP14. This marine bacterium produces 17.3 g/L of EPS at 96 h of fermentation. The EPS was purified using ion exchange and gel permeation chromatographic methods. The porous web-like structure and elemental composition (C, O, Na, Mg, P, S) of the EPS were inferred from SEM and EDX analysis. AFM analysis revealed spike-like lumps with a surface roughness of 84.85 nm. The zeta potential value of −10 mV indicates the anionic nature of the EPS. Initial molecular characterization showed that the EPS is a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose (25.8%), ribose (18.6%), fructose (31.5%), and xylose (24%), which are the monosaccharide units in the HPLC analysis. The FTIR spectrum indicates the presence of functional groups/bonds typical of EPSs (O-H, C-H, C-O-H, C-O, S=O, and P=O). The polymer has an average molecular weight of 555 kDa. Further, NMR analysis revealed the monomer composition, the existence of two α- and six β-glycosidic linkages, and the branched repeating unit as → 1)[α-D-Xylp-(1 → 2)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 5)]-β-D-Frup-(2 → 2)[β-D-Xylp-(1 → 4)]-β-D-Xylp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Fruf-(2 → 4)-β-D-Ribp-(1 →. The EPS is thermally stable till 251.4 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the semicrystalline (54.2%) nature of the EPS. Further, the EPS exhibits significant water solubility (76.5%), water-holding capacity (266.8%), emulsifying index (66.8%), hemocompatibility (erythrocyte protection > 87%), and cytocompatibility (cell viability > 80% on RAW264.7 and keratinocyte HaCaT cells) at higher concentrations and prolongs coagulation time in APTT and PT tests. Our research unveils the significant biocompatibility of VITP14 EPS for synthesizing a variety of biomaterials.

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“…The body has natural self-healing characteristics, although the level of restoration varies by tissue and by the degree of trauma, illness severity, or extent of restoration required [ 17 , 18 ]. In addition, the proliferation and growth of different cells vary depending on cell specificity [ 19 ]. Tissue engineering (TE) encompasses engineering and biological concepts and develops functional tissues by integrating cells, scaffolds, biomaterials, and bioactive compounds.…”

Section: Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silk-Based Biomaterials for Designing Bioinspired Microarchitecture for Various Biomedical Applications

et al. 2023

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Biomaterial research has led to revolutionary healthcare advances. Natural biological macromolecules can impact high-performance, multipurpose materials. This has prompted the quest for affordable healthcare solutions, with a focus on renewable biomaterials with a wide variety of applications and ecologically friendly techniques. Imitating their chemical compositions and hierarchical structures, bioinspired based materials have elevated rapidly over the past few decades. Bio-inspired strategies entail extracting fundamental components and reassembling them into programmable biomaterials. This method may improve its processability and modifiability, allowing it to meet the biological application criteria. Silk is a desirable biosourced raw material due to its high mechanical properties, flexibility, bioactive component sequestration, controlled biodegradability, remarkable biocompatibility, and inexpensiveness. Silk regulates temporo-spatial, biochemical and biophysical reactions. Extracellular biophysical factors regulate cellular destiny dynamically. This review examines the bioinspired structural and functional properties of silk material based scaffolds. We explored silk types, chemical composition, architecture, mechanical properties, topography, and 3D geometry to unlock the body’s innate regenerative potential, keeping in mind the novel biophysical properties of silk in film, fiber, and other potential forms, coupled with facile chemical changes, and its ability to match functional requirements for specific tissues.

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In vitro cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility assays for biomaterial testing under regulatory platform

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Biocompatible Films of Calcium Alginate Inactivate Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2

Biocompatible Films of Calcium Alginate Inactivate Enveloped Viruses Such as SARS-CoV-2

Molecular Characterization and Biocompatibility of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis from the Saltern of Kumta Coast

Silk-Based Biomaterials for Designing Bioinspired Microarchitecture for Various Biomedical Applications

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