In vitro cytotoxic and mutagenic evaluation of thirteen commercial herbal mixtures sold in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Ndhlala, A.R.; Anthonissen, Roel; Stafford, G.I.; Finnie, J.F.; Verschaeve, Luc; Staden, J. Van

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2009.09.010

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Values in bold represents plant extracts/herbal mixture with mutagenic activity. The mutagenicity data for Imbiza ephuzwato was taken from Ndhlala et al (2010).…”

Section: Cox-1 and -2 Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant composition, pharmacological properties and mutagenic evaluation of a commercial Zulu herbal mixture: Imbiza ephuzwato

Ndhlala¹,

Finnie²,

Staden³

2011

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…Values in bold represents plant extracts/herbal mixture with mutagenic activity. The mutagenicity data for Imbiza ephuzwato was taken from Ndhlala et al (2010).…”

Section: Cox-1 and -2 Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutagenicity was tested using the Salmonella microsome assay based on the plate-incorporation procedure with Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA98, with and without metabolic activation (Maron and Ames, 1983;Mortelmans and Zeiger, 2000) as described by Ndhlala et al (2010). …”

Section: In Vitro Mutagenic Evaluation (Ames Test)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant composition, pharmacological properties and mutagenic evaluation of a commercial Zulu herbal mixture: Imbiza ephuzwato

Ndhlala¹,

Finnie²,

Staden³

2011

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…From the results obtained, none of these C. caudatus herbal teas were detected any sign of mutagenicity towards the S. typhimurium strain TA98 and TA100 for the assay with and without S9 metabolic activation since the average revertants numbers did not satisfy the criteria for mutagenicity. According to Ndhlala et al (2010), if there were no notable increase in the number of revertants and the number of revertants were not equal or not greater than two times of the positive control or there were no reduction in the number of revertant colonies to levels far below the negative control, then, the samples can be classified as non-toxic. On the other hand, the mutagenic index (MI) also displayed the values lower than that of potential mutagenicity.…”

Section: Mutagenic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some current studies showed that, maturity stages could influences the antioxidant activity, biochemical compositions and physicochemical properties of the plants (Fawole & Opara 2013). In fact, there have been reports on increased global demands for herbal products that acts as energy boosters, detoxifiers, immune boosters and aphrodisiacs, thus, the evaluation of bacterial mutagenicity is important as an initial test for complex mixtures because of the possibility that, one or more of their components can be mutagenic (Ndhlala et al 2010). Therefore, this present study was conducted to investigate the effects of antioxidant activity and mutagenic activity of herbal tea prepared from C. caudatus leaves at different maturity stages.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Mutagenic Activity of Herbal Tea Prepared from Cosmos caudatus Leaves at Different Maturity Stages

Fatanah¹,

Abdullah²,

Hamid³

2018

JSM

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Different maturity stages of Cosmos caudatus leaves have been used to prepare herbal tea were investigated for their effect on antioxidant activity and mutagenic activity. The analyses carried out were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching assay, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and Ames Salmonella mutagenicity. The results demonstrated that, C. caudatus herbal tea prepared from young leaves showed significantly highest antioxidant activity for all assays tested, followed by mixed leaves, mature leaves, old leaves and the lowest was in C. caudatus herbal tea from a commercial brand. Pearson's correlation coefficient also demonstrated that TPC and TFC displayed a strong correlation with all antioxidant activity assays, showing that these compounds were the major contributors to the antioxidant activity in C. caudatus herbal tea. However, all studied C. caudatus herbal tea showed no mutagenic effects against Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA98 and TA100 with and without S9 metabolic activation. Hence, it can be concluded that, different maturity stages could affect the antioxidant activity in C. caudatus herbal tea as it reduced the antioxidant activity as maturity increased, but did not give any effect on the mutagenic activity.abstrak Kesan aktiviti antioksida dan mutagen ke atas teh herba yang dihasilkan daripada daun Cosmos caudatus pada tahap kematangan yang berbeza telah dikaji. Analisis yang dijalankan ialah jumlah kandungan fenolik (TPC), jumlah kandungan flavonoid (TFC), ujian penurunan ferik (FRAP), pemerangkapan radikal bebas 2-2-Difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), pelunturan β-karotena, kapasiti penyerapan radikal oksigen (ORAC) dan mutagenik Ames Salmonella. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa, teh herba C. caudatus dihasilkan daripada daun muda mempunyai aktiviti antioksida yang tertinggi bagi kesemua asai yang diuji, diikuti oleh daun campuran, daun matang, daun tua dan nilai terendah diperoleh dari teh herba C. caudatus daripada jenama komersial. Pekali kolerasi Pearson juga memaparkan kolerasi yang kuat bagi TPC dan TFC dengan kesemua asai aktiviti antioksida yang dijalankan. Ini menunjukkan bahawa sebatian tersebut merupakan penyumbang utama kepada aktiviti antioksida di dalam teh herba C. caudatus. Walau bagaimanapun, kesemua teh herba C. caudatus yang dikaji tidak menunjukkan kesan mutagen terhadap strain penguji Salmonella typhimurium TA98 dan TA100 dengan dan tanpa pengaktifan metabolic S9. Sebagai kesimpulannya, peringkat kematangan daun yang berbeza boleh memberi kesan ke atas aktiviti antioksida di dalam teh herba C. caudatus, semakin meningkat kematangan daun yang digunakan, semakin rendah aktiviti antioksida, tetapi tiada kesan ke atas aktiviti mutagen.

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“…It was listed as one of the herbal remedies used by HIV patients in Kwazulu-Natal, SA, before and during antiretroviral therapy (ART) (Peltzer et al, 2011). It was found to have high levels of total phenolic compounds and lower levels of flavonoids, had relatively lowest toxicity on human liver cells and had indirect mutagenic activity when tested using the Ames test (Ndhlala et al, 2010). It is stated on the package that it contains aloe (1.667 g), ascorbic acid (1.667 g), aniseed oil (0.1817 g) and magnesium sulphate (71.667 g) per 500 ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Effects of a Commercial Herbal Medicine Used as African Traditional Medicine on Human Neutrophils

Mothibe¹,

Kahler-venter²,

Osuch³

2017

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med

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Background: Commercial herbal medicines (CHMs) being marketed as immune boosters or tonics, have gained widespread popularity. The many herbal mixtures sold have not been tested for efficacy and safety, despite their modern packaging and presentations. It is imperative that these herbal mixtures be investigated for their effects on human neutrophils. Methods: The selected herbal mixture (HM), Stametta™ Body healing liquid, is common in retail outlets in Pretoria, South Africa (SA) and is used as an immune booster or intended to strengthen the body. Isolated neutrophils as well as those in whole blood phagocytes were obtained from blood samples collected from consenting healthy adult volunteers. The neutrophils were incubated with the HM at different strengths, and taken through a luminol-enhanced luminescence assay, using activators-phorbol myristate acetate and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Results: The HM had variable stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the luminescence activity of healthy isolated and non-isolated human neutrophils. The effects, ranging from weak to potent were either directly or inversely related to the concentration of the HM and were mediated through a direct protein kinase C activating mechanism and an indirect formyl peptide receptor-linked mechanism. Conclusion:The findings have shown the immunomodulatory potential of Stametta TM . The in vitro inhibitory and stimulatory effects on neutrophils which are furthermore time-based, suggest variable effects on the immune system, which may be beneficial as well as risky. The effects at different concentrations highlight the importance of appropriate dosing. It would therefore be prudent to caution users of this commercial herbal medicine accordingly.

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In vitro cytotoxic and mutagenic evaluation of thirteen commercial herbal mixtures sold in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Plant composition, pharmacological properties and mutagenic evaluation of a commercial Zulu herbal mixture: Imbiza ephuzwato

Plant composition, pharmacological properties and mutagenic evaluation of a commercial Zulu herbal mixture: Imbiza ephuzwato

Antioxidant and Mutagenic Activity of Herbal Tea Prepared from Cosmos caudatus Leaves at Different Maturity Stages

In Vitro Effects of a Commercial Herbal Medicine Used as African Traditional Medicine on Human Neutrophils

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