In vitro cell cultures obtained from different explants of Corylus avellanaproduce Taxol and taxanes

Bestoso, Federica; Ottaggio, Laura; Armirotti, Andrea; Balbi, Alessandro; Damonte, Gianluca; Degan, Paolo; Mazzei, Mauro; Cavalli, Francesca; Ledda, Bernardetta; Miele, Mariangela

doi:10.1186/1472-6750-6-45

“…The major limitation in the extensive use of this valuable secondary metabolite is its low supply, since Taxus spp. contains very low amounts of paclitaxel 2 . Extraction of paclitaxel from this tree has imposed important ecological effects, resulting in the extinction of Taxus species 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The availability of this drug is still restricted and its cost is very high, mainly due to the recalcitrant behavior of Taxus spp. under in vitro conditions 2 . Therefore, the search for alternative sources of paclitaxel was considered as crucial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to Taxus spp., hazel ( Corylus avellana) has also been described as a paclitaxel-producing species through bioprospection among angiosperms 5 , 6 . The major advantages of producing paclitaxel through hazel cell cultures are that hazel is widely accessible and its in vitro cultivation is easier than that of yew 2 , 7 . It is stated that in vitro cultures of C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Medium for Enhancing Callus Growth of Hazel (Corylus avellana L.)

Salehi

¹

,

Moieni

²

,

Safaie

³

2017

Sci Rep

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Paclitaxel is a powerful antimitotic agent with excellent activity against a range of cancers. Hazel has been described as a paclitaxel-producing species among angiosperms. Fast-growing callus is a prerequisite for the success of callus production and then paclitaxel production. Therefore, optimizing the medium culture for enhancing callus growth is a crucial step for paclitaxel production. In this research, Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium was optimized for improving callus growth of hazel (Corylus avellana L.). The M10 medium (MS medium with pH 6.0 and supplemented with 1000 mg l−1 spirulina powder, 1000 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate and 3 g l−1 gelrite) significantly improved hazel callus growth. This modified MS medium increased callus fresh weight (55.8%) as compared to the control. M10 medium increased fatty acids yield of callus (66.7%) as compared to the control. Liquid M10 medium maintained growth over a longer period of time and also increased slightly, the paclitaxel production as compared to the control. This novel medium is promising for facilitating the mass production of hazel callus as a source of valuable metabolites including paclitaxel, linoleic and oleic acids.

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“…It was initially believed to occur only in gymnosperms, but was recently identified in leaves and fruits of a hazelnut species ( C. avellana ) [10]. Further studies validated this finding by showing that in vitro hazel cell cultures produce taxol and taxanes, indicating that it is not exclusively produced by symbiotic fungi [11-13]. Taxol was recently discovered in another hazelnut species, C. mandshurica (synonym to C. sieboldiana ) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analyses of a Chinese hazelnut species Corylus mandshurica

Ma

¹

,

Lu

²

,

Liu

³

et al. 2013

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BackgroundCorylus was renowned for its production of hazelnut and taxol. To understand the local adaptation of Chinese species and speed up breeding efforts in China, we analyzed the leaf transcriptome of Corylus mandshurica, which had a high tolerance to fungal infections and cold.ResultsA total of 12,255,030 clean pair-end reads were generated and then assembled into 37,846 Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) sequences. During functional annotation, 26,565 ESTs were annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) terms using Blast2go and 11,056 ESTs were grouped into the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways using KEGG Automatic Annotation Server (KAAS). We identified 45 ESTs that were homologous to enzymes and transcription factors responsible for taxol synthesis. The most differentiated orthologs between C. mandshurica and a European congener, C. avellana, were enriched in stress tolerance to fungal resistance and cold.ConclusionsIn this study, we detected a set of genes related to taxol synthesis in a taxol-producing angiosperm species for the first time and found a close relationship between most differentiated genes and different adaptations to fungal infection and cold in C. mandshurica and C. avellana. These findings provided tools to improve our understanding of local adaptation, genetic breeding and taxol production in hazelnut.

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“…In addition to Taxus spp., hazel (Corylus avellana) has also been described as a paclitaxel-producing species through bioprospection among angiosperms 5,6 . The major advantages of producing paclitaxel through hazel cell cultures are that hazel is widely accessible and its in vitro cultivation is easier than that of yew 2,7 . It is stated that in vitro cultures of C. avellana can become a promising and cheaper source for paclitaxel production 8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel medium for enhancing callus growth in hazel (Corylus avellana L.)

Moieni¹,

Salehi²,

Safaie³

2017

J Plant Physiol Pathol

2

0

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Paclitaxel is a powerful antimitotic agent with excellent activity against a range of cancers. Hazel has been described as a paclitaxel-producing species among angiosperms. Fast-growing callus is a prerequisite for the success of callus production and then paclitaxel production. Therefore, optimizing the medium culture for enhancing callus growth is a crucial step for paclitaxel production. In this research, Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium was optimized for improving callus growth of hazel (Corylus avellana L.). The M 10 medium (MS medium with pH 6.0 and supplemented with 1000 mg l −1 spirulina powder, 1000 mg l −1 casein hydrolysate and 3 g l −1 gelrite) significantly improved hazel callus growth. This modified MS medium increased callus fresh weight (55.8%) as compared to the control. M 10 medium increased fatty acids yield of callus (66.7%) as compared to the control. Liquid M 10 medium maintained growth over a longer period of time and also increased slightly, the paclitaxel production as compared to the control. This novel medium is promising for facilitating the mass production of hazel callus as a source of valuable metabolites including paclitaxel, linoleic and oleic acids.Paclitaxel is a powerful antimitotic agent with excellent activity against a range of cancers 1 . The major limitation in the extensive use of this valuable secondary metabolite is its low supply, since Taxus spp. contains very low amounts of paclitaxel 2 . Extraction of paclitaxel from this tree has imposed important ecological effects, resulting in the extinction of Taxus species 3 . Plant cell suspension culture is considered as the most promising approach to the production of paclitaxel 4 . The availability of this drug is still restricted and its cost is very high, mainly due to the recalcitrant behavior of Taxus spp. under in vitro conditions 2 . Therefore, the search for alternative sources of paclitaxel was considered as crucial. In addition to Taxus spp., hazel (Corylus avellana) has also been described as a paclitaxel-producing species through bioprospection among angiosperms 5,6 . The major advantages of producing paclitaxel through hazel cell cultures are that hazel is widely accessible and its in vitro cultivation is easier than that of yew 2,7 . It is stated that in vitro cultures of C. avellana can become a promising and cheaper source for paclitaxel production 8 . Besides the use of the nuts of hazel tree as a source of protein, its leaves are used to relieve the symptoms of hemorrhoidal and varicose veins 9 . The kernel and green leaf/flower portions of the hazel tree have antioxidant activity 10 . It is found that the consumption of nuts is protective against cardiac morbidity and mortality 11. In addition to the use of hazel cell cultures for paclitaxel production, hazel plantlets can be regenerated from callus tissues by differentiation induced by exogenous growth regulators. Plant regeneration from calli is possible by somatic embryogenesis or in vitro organogenesis. Meanwhile, infrequent somaclonal variants...

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In vitro cell cultures obtained from different explants of Corylus avellanaproduce Taxol and taxanes

Cited by 57 publications

References 38 publications

A Novel Medium for Enhancing Callus Growth of Hazel (Corylus avellana L.)

A Novel Medium for Enhancing Callus Growth of Hazel (Corylus avellana L.)

Transcriptome analyses of a Chinese hazelnut species Corylus mandshurica

Novel medium for enhancing callus growth in hazel (Corylus avellana L.)

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