In vitro biological outcome of laser application for modification or processing of titanium dental implants

Abstract

There are numerous functions for laser in modern implant dentistry including surface treatment, surface coating, and implant manufacturing. As laser application may potentially improve osseointegration of dental implants, we systematically reviewed the literature for in vitro biological responses to laser-modified or processed titanium dental implants. The literature was searched in PubMed, ISI Web, and Scopus, using keywords "titanium dental implants," "laser," "biocompatibility," and their synonyms. After screening the 136 references obtained, 28 articles met the inclusion criteria. We found that Nd:YAG laser was the most commonly used lasers in the treatment or processing of titanium dental implants. Most of the experiments used cell attachment and cell proliferation to investigate bioresponses of the implants. The most commonly used cells in these assays were osteoblast-like cells. Only one study was conducted in stem cells. These in vitro studies reported higher biocompatibility in laser-modified titanium implants. It seems that laser radiation plays a vital role in cell response to dental implants; however, it is necessary to accomplish more studies using different laser types and parameters on various cells to offer a more conclusive result.

Proliferation of Osteoblasts on Laser-Modified Nanostructured Titanium Surfaces

“…They can induce changes in surface roughness and deformation rapidly and effectively [ 49 ]. The advantages of lasers include an ability to generate complex features at high resolution [ 50 ]. There is no consensus in the literature over the effect of laser treatment on proliferation, mainly due to several variables such as cell type, growth time, and growth conditions.…”

Surface Modified Techniques and Emerging Functional Coating of Dental Implants

“…This technology is also expected to make titanium nitride with outstanding abrasion resistance and favorable soft tissue affinity [29]. The neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser (Nd:YAG laser) was one of the most commonly used lasers in the treatment or processing of titanium implants, which enabled the laser-modified titanium implants to promote osteoblast-like cells attachment and proliferation [30]. UV irradiation was also a method to promote the osseointegration performance of titanium implants [31].…”

Bone Bonding of Hafnium – A Literature Review

“…Another method is the physical treatment such as plasma or thermal spray (Wang, Khor and Cheang, 1998;lavos-Valereto et al, 2001;roy, bandyopadhyay and bose, 2011;robotti and Zappini, 2019). Additionally, ion implantation (De maeztu, Alava and gay-escoda, 2003;De maeztu et al, 2007;Su et al, 2017), laser treatment (lacefield, 1998;Hindy, farahmand and Tabatabaei, 2017) and sputtering (lacefield, 1998; rigo et al, 2004; yokota et al, 2014) are also sort for coating surfaces. Of the methods described, additive methods have been established as more effective for surface characterization.…”