In vitro bactericidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anticoagulant, and hemolytic effect of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Allium sativum clove extract incubated at various temperatures

Abstract

The current research aimed to evaluate in vitro biological activities of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using the Allium sativum clove extract. The stability of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated via storage at 4°C, room temperature (37°C), and calcined at 300°C, 500°C, and 700°C. The antibacterial effect was evaluated using agar well, spread plate, biofilm reduction, and cell proliferation inhibition assays. The cytotoxic and antidiabetic effects were determined via brine shrimp lethality, protein kinase inhibition, and α-amylase inhibition assays. DPPH scavenging, iron-chelating, anticoagulant, and hemolytic effects were evaluated. The highest inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae was observed when freshly prepared, calcined (300°C), and stored nanoparticles (4°C and 37°C) were applied (9.66, 9.55, 7.33, and 6.65 mm) against freshly prepared and calcined at 700°C which showed the highest inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.55 and 7.66 mm). Cell viability assay, biofilm reduction assay, and spread plate method showed a significant antibacterial effect of freshly prepared silver nanoparticles. Freshly prepared and calcined nanoparticles at 300°C and 500°C possessed strong antioxidant and iron-chelating activity. Among all the synthesized silver nanoparticles, freshly prepared and calcined nanoparticles (300°C and 500°C) increases the prothrombin time. Silver nanoparticles possessed significant anticoagulant properties and less toxic at least concentration toward human RBCs. In brine shrimp lethality assay, freshly prepared nanoparticles showed a stronger toxic effect and caused high mortality of larvae. Protein kinase inhibition assay revealed that freshly prepared nanoparticles had the highest zone of inhibition (18.0 mm) at 50 µg/disc. Green-synthesized nanoparticles would be used as potential therapeutic agents to overcome both infectious and noninfectious diseases.

Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of Agrimonia eupatoria L. and in vitro and in vivo studies of potential medicinal applications

“…Moreover, the hemolytic activity of the compounds could be variable and dependent on such factors as temperature, incubation period as well the composition of the plant extract. 62 …”

“…Our ndings are in correspondence with the other studies where it was demonstrated that some of the green-synthetized silver nanoparticles could induce hemolysis of erythrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. 61,62 Furthermore, it was demonstrated that lower doses (up to 5 mg mL −1 ) of AgNPs synthesized by using Catharanthus roseus didn't affect the stability of erythrocytes membrane, while the higher doses (10 mg mL −1 , 25 mg mL −1 , and 50 mg mL −1 ) exhibited a toxic effect on this cells 61,63 concluded that hemolysis of erythrocytes induced by AgNPs could be due to the direct Ag + and membrane interaction, thus forming reactive species and oxidative stress. Moreover, the hemolytic activity of the compounds could be variable and dependent on such factors as temperature, incubation period as well the composition of the plant extract.…”

Bioinspired green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: in vitro physicochemical, antibacterial, biofilm inhibitory, genotoxicity, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticoagulant performance

“…54 Likewise, the mycosynthesized AgNPs in the range of 5 to 20 nm with prominently spherical morphology showed 44.24 ± 0.64% alpha-amylase inhibition at the concentration of 0.5 mg mL −1 . 55 Alternatively, the biosynthesized spherical-shaped AgNPs from the leaf extract of Solanum khasianum with an average size of 15.96 nm showed 79.56% alpha-amylase inhibition at the concentration of 1 mg mL −1 . 56 In another study, the spherical-shaped AgNPs were fabricated in the range of 10.34 to 22.12 nm by using the leaf extract of Muntingia calabura .…”

Silver nanoparticles decorated natural products doped polyaniline hybrid materials for biomedical applications

“…Apart from this, many of the nanocomposites of silver in combination with natural products have been found to possess potential therapeutic applications. Anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities are some of the few identified applications [4,13,[22][23][24].…”