In-vitro assessment of β-tricalcium phosphate/bredigite-ciprofloxacin (CPFX) scaffolds for bone treatment applications

Abstract

In the present study, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds with various amounts of bredigite (Bre) were fabricated by the space holder method. The effect of bredigite content on the structure, mechanical properties, in vitro bioactivity, and cell viability was investigated. The structural assessment of the composite scaffolds presented interconnected pores with diameter of 300–500 μm with around 78%–82% porosity. The results indicated that the compressive strength of the scaffolds with 20% bredigite (1.91 MPa) was improved in comparison with scaffolds with 10% bredigite (0.52 MPa), due to the reduction of the average pore and grain sizes. Also, the results showed that the bioactivity and biodegradability of β-TCP/20Bre were better than that of β-TCP/10Bre. Besides, in this study, the release kinetics of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) loaded β-TCP/Bre composites as well as the ability of scaffolds to function as a sustained release drug carrier was investigated. Drug release pattern of β-TCP/bredigite-5CPFX scaffolds exhibited the rapid burst release of 43% for 3 h along with sustained release (82%) for 32 h which is favorable for bone infection treatment. Antibacterial tests revealed that the antibacterial properties of β-TCP/bredigite scaffolds are strongly related to the CPFX concentration, wherein the scaffold containing 5% CPFX showed the most significant zone of inhibition (33 ± 0.5 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus. The higher specific surface areas of nanostructure β-TCP/bredigite scaffolds containing CPFX lead to an initial rapid release followed by constant drug delivery. MTT assay showed that the cell viability of β-TCP/bredigite scaffold loading with up to 1%–3% CPFX (95 ± 2%), is greater than for scaffolds containing 5% CPFX (84 ± 2%). In Overall, it may suggested that β-TCP/bredigite containing 1%–3% CPFX possesses great cell viability and antibacterial activity and be employed as bactericidal biomaterials and bone infection treatment.

Use of Biomaterials in 3D Printing as a Solution to Microbial Infections in Arthroplasty and Osseous Reconstruction

“…This compound has already been successfully combined with antibiotics, namely gatifloxacin [ 129 ], ciprofloxacin [ 130 ], tetracycline [ 131 ], vancomycin [ 132 , 133 , 134 ], and gentamycin [ 135 ]. It also displays antimicrobial properties when combined with metals, namely zinc [ 136 ], boron nitrite nanotubes [ 137 ], iron [ 138 ], and silver alone [ 139 , 140 ] or as a hydrogel component [ 141 ]; notable antimicrobial properties were also observed when it was combined with chitosan [ 142 , 143 ].…”

Advancements in the pathogenesis of hepatic osteodystrophy and the potential therapeutic of mesenchymal stromal cells

“…The chemical composition and crystal structure of β-tricalcium phosphate are similar to those of natural bone minerals, and has great mechanical strength, bone conduction and bone induction effect. The scaffolders constructed by tricalcium β-phosphate have superior biocompatibility, and have ability to promote the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs [ 99 – 102 ]. It was found that the bone defects of MSCs combined with tricalcium β-phosphate scaffolds could be repaired better, and the osteogenesis ability was significantly improved, which was detected by X-ray and micro-CT in animal model of osteoporotic bone defect [ 103 ].…”

Graphene oxide encapsulated forsterite scaffolds to improve mechanical properties and antibacterial behavior

“…Very large macrosheets, such as 20-100 micrometers (larger than most cells), may pose a risk, for example, by using a similar 'wrapping/ encapsulation' of those bacteria, causing a nutrient deprivation. That being said, given the limited mobility of the sheet, owing to the covalent or electrostatic layers of the substrates, free-floating sheets are impossible [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. Therefore, the risk of high-risk penetration and cell adsorption of nanoparticles or large film wrapping (e.g.…”