In vitro assessment of viral antigen content in inactivated aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted vaccines

Katz, J. I.; Hanson, S.K.; Patterson, Peg A.; Stoll, I R

doi:10.1016/0166-0934(89)90104-3

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…ELISA methods in which aluminium‐adsorbed antigens can be used directly as the antigens in the ELISA have been designed 34 . ELISA methods can also be applied for in vitro assessment of various viral antigens, that is, pseudorabies, porcine parvovirus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccines adsorbed onto aluminium hydroxide adjuvant 35 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminium compounds for use in vaccines

Lindblad¹

2004

Immunol Cell Biol

434

318

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Summary Aluminium adjuvants are the most widely used adjuvants in both human and veterinary vaccines. These adjuvants have been used in practical vaccination for more than 60 years and are generally recognized as safe and as stimulators of Th2 immunity. The present review gives a short introduction to the pioneering research at the start of the use of aluminium compounds as adjuvants, including references on the chemistry of these compounds. Analytical methods for identifying the most commonly used aluminium compounds, such as boehmite and aluminium hydroxyphosphate, are mentioned. Emphasis is placed on the important factors for antigen adsorption and on the latest work using gene-deficient mice in the research of the mechanism of aluminium adjuvants in terms of cytokine and T-cell subset stimulation. Key references on the ability of aluminium adjuvants to stimulate IgE and also in vivo clearing of aluminium adjuvants are discussed. Furthermore, the review addresses the issue of local reactions in the context of injection route and local tissue disturbance. Possible new applications of aluminium adjuvants in, for example, combined aluminium-adsorbed protein and DNA oligonucleotide vaccines as well as the possible use of aluminium adjuvants in combination with IL-12 to stimulate Th1-type immune responses are mentioned.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminium compounds for use in vaccines

Lindblad¹

2004

Immunol Cell Biol

434

318

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“…The vaccine antigen, once formulated on aluminum based amorphous particulate adjuvant (largely considered as 'a black box'), could be hardly characterized or with its activity visualized. Recently, there are reports on the use of flow cytometry or an o-phthalaldehyde fluorescent protein assay or near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy to analyze the antigens adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide adjuvant for antibody binding or for total protein quantitation [39][40][41][42][43]. In most of other methods for analyzing adjuvanted vaccines, the antigens were desorbed from adjuvants prior to analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and epitope-specific antigenicity analysis of the human papillomavirus 6 capsid protein in aqueous solution or when adsorbed on particulate adjuvants

Wang

Cao

et al. 2016

Vaccine

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) 6 is a human pathogen which causes genital warts. Recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) based antigens are the active components in prophylactic vaccines to elicit functional antibodies. The binding and functional characteristics of a panel of 15 murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HPV6 was quantitatively assessed. Elite conformational indicators, recognizing the conformational epitopes, are also elite viral neutralizers as demonstrated with their viral neutralization efficiency (5 mAbs with neutralization titer below 4ng/mL) in a pseudovirion (PsV)-based system. The functionality of a given mAb is closely related to the nature of the corresponding epitope, rather than the apparent binding affinity to antigen. The epitope-specific antigenicity assays can be used to assess the binding activity of PsV or VLP preparations to neutralizing mAbs. These mAb-based assays can be used for process monitoring and for product release and characterization to confirm the existence of functional epitopes in purified antigen preparations. Due to the particulate nature of the alum adjuvants, the vaccine antigen adsorbed on adjuvants was considered largely as "a black box" due to the difficulty in analysis and visualization. Here, a novel method with fluorescence-based high content imaging for visualization and quantitating the immunoreactivity of adjuvant-adsorbed VLPs with neutralizing mAbs was developed, in which antigen desorption was not needed. The facile and quantitative in situ antigenicity analysis was amendable for automation. The integrity of a given epitope or two non-overlapping epitopes on the recombinant VLPs in their adjuvanted form can be assessed in a quantitative manner for cross-lot or cross-product comparative analysis with minimal manipulation of samples.

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“…ELISA methods were also applied for in vitro assessment of various viral antigens, i.e., pseudorabies, porcine parvovirus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccines adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. 65 Differential adsorption of complex mixtures of antigens can be measured by either immunoelectrophoresis or by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). If an antiserum raised against the complex antigen mixture is available, a crossed, twodimensional immunoelectrophoresis may reveal if single components from the complex solution of proteins remain unadsorbed.…”

Section: Determination Of the Protein Adsorption Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%