RETRACTED ARTICLE: In vitro antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer potentials of innovative macroalgae bio-capped silver nanoparticles

Abstract

The antagonistic side effects of chemical medications led to the search for safe strategies such as biogenic agents. Correspondingly, this study aims to create biogenic, appropriate, auspicious and innovative therapeutic agents like Galaxaura elongata {GE}, Turbinaria ornata {TO} and Enteromorpha flexuosa {EF} macroalgae-based silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The Ag+ reduction and the creation of Ag[GE]-NPs, Ag[TO]-NPs and Ag[EF]-NPs have been validated using UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and zeta potential analysis, and the chemical composition of macroalgae crude extracts was estimated through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Further, macroalgae-based Ag-NPs were tested for their free radical scavenging activity DPPH, ABTS, anticancer activity in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell line, distinctive inflammation forms and elevated α-amylase. Results showed that the biosynthesized Ag-NPs have unique mechanical and physicochemical characters attributed to their high relative surface area, nanosized dimensions and spherical shape. At dose of 200 µg/mL, the DPPH radical scavenging capacity was maximized with Ag[TO]-NPs (67.26%); however, Ag[EF]-NPs was the most potent as ABTs scavenger (97.74%). Additionally, Ag[GE]-NPs had the maximum proteinase inhibitory action with 59.78%. The 1000 µg/mL of Ag[GE]-NPs, Ag[TO]-NPs and Ag[EF]-NPs revealed significant inhibitions of cell growth of HepG2 resulting in cell viabilities 5.92%, 4.44% and 11.33%, respectively. These findings suggest that macroalgae bio-capped Ag-NPs have magnificent biological potentials for safe biomedical applications.

In vitro assessment of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and schistolarvicidal activity of macroalgae-based gold nanoparticles

“…The current macroalgae-based Au-NPs have exhibited good inhibitory potential on protein denaturation, which can be explained by their ability to stabilize the tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. These findings are similar to Azeem et al (2022) and more ameliorated than those of Mani et al (2015) and Prabakaran and Mani (2019).…”

Protective effects of silver nanoparticles in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats

“…Interestingly, cotreatment with AgNP has decreased the expression of NF-κB, suggesting that AgNP formulation has attenuating effects on NF-κB-derived inflammatory response. Similarly, a recent in vitro study using macroalgae bio-capped AgNPs reported an anti-inflammatory property (58).…”

Applications of Green Synthesized Metal Nanoparticles — a Review

“…Silver nanoparticles are considerably more positive effects such as broad-spectrum antimicrobial response, non-toxic, anticancer properties, and other therapeutic purposes, and also capable to form unique, diverse nanostructures and low-cost production [178][179][180]. Several researchers reported that silver nanoparticles are strong antibacterial effects against E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhus, P. aeruginosa, V. cholera, and B. subtilis [40,181,182]. A silver nanoparticle is used to break down the cell wall of organisms and interrupt the whole synthesis process [183,184].…”

“…The black pepper (Piper nigrum) leaf extract synthesized silver nanoparticle has a selected cytokine inhibitory factor for IL-1 and IL-6 [211]. European cranberry (Viburnum opulus) bush fruit extracts synthesizing Ag nanoparticle was noted to show an antiinflammatory response by in vitro and in vivo methods, the Ag nanoparticles being used to enhance the potential therapeutic analysis for the treatment of inflammation [182]. Ag nanoparticle is an efficient tool for numerous biomedical applications such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, catalysis, wound healing and dressing, implanted materials, tissue engineering, anticancer therapy, and medical devices (catheters, prostheses, vascular grafts).…”