In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Strains Isolated in Japan from 1985 to 2009

Ohya, Tatsuo; Sueyoshi, Masuo

doi:10.1292/jvms.10-0271

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Also macrolides (tylosin and, more recently, tylvalosin) and the closely related lincomycin (lincosamide) have been commonly included in SD therapeutic strategies [5] (Table 1). However, the emergence of B. hyodysenteriae strains with reduced susceptibility to one or more of these antibiotics and the presence of genetically diverse multiresistant isolates has been confirmed in several countries [90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98]. This fact complicates treatment and control of SD and should alert veterinary surgeons and pig farmers for the need of a strategic approach to select antibiotics, which must only be used on strict indications following proper field and laboratory diagnosis in order to guarantee their long-term efficiency for SD treatment.…”

Section: The Fight Against Sdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine Dysentery: Aetiology, Pathogenicity, Determinants of Transmission and the Fight against the Disease

Álvarez‐Ordóñez

Martínez-Lobo

Argüello

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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Swine Dysentery (SD) is a severe mucohaemorhagic enteric disease of pigs caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, which has a large impact on pig production and causes important losses due to mortality and sub-optimal performance. Although B. hyodysenteriae has been traditionally considered a pathogen mainly transmitted by direct contact, through the introduction of subclinically infected animals into a previously uninfected herd, recent findings position B. hyodysenteriae as a potential threat for indirect transmission between farms. This article summarizes the knowledge available on the etiological agent of SD and its virulence traits, and reviews the determinants of SD transmission. The between-herds and within-herd transmission routes are addressed. The factors affecting disease transmission are thoroughly discussed, i.e., environmental survival of the pathogen, husbandry factors (production system, production stage, farm management), role of vectors, diet influence and interaction of the microorganism with gut microbiota. Finally, prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to fight against the disease are briefly described.

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Section: The Fight Against Sdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine Dysentery: Aetiology, Pathogenicity, Determinants of Transmission and the Fight against the Disease

Álvarez‐Ordóñez

Martínez-Lobo

Argüello

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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“…In B. hyodysenteriae of porcine origin, widespread resistance has emerged to tylosin in the USA, Denmark, Australia, Finland, Belgium, Sweden and Spain (Kinyon & Harris, 1980;Rønne & Szancer, 1990;Smith et al, 1991;Hommez et al, 1998;Honkanen-Buzalski & Huovinen, 1999;Bengtsson et al, 2010;Hidalgo et al, 2010). Tiamulin resistance has been described in recent years from Hungary, the UK, the Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Japan (Molnár, 1996;Gresham et al, 1998;Lobova et al, 2004;Rohde et al, 2004;Duinhof et al, 2008;Hidalgo et al, 2010;Ohya & Sueyoshi, 2010). Compared with the situation in pigs, there is little information on antimicrobial susceptibility in Brachyspira spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility ofBrachyspiraspp. isolated from commercial laying hens and free-living wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Jansson¹,

Pringle

2011

Avian Pathology

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In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility to tylosin, valnemulin, tiamulin, doxycycline, lincomycin and ampicillin was investigated by broth dilution in 48 Brachyspira spp. isolates from commercial laying hens (n030) and free-living wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) (n018). Presumed pathogens (Brachyspira alvinipulli, Brachyspira intermedia, Brachyspira pilosicoli), commensals (Brachyspira murdochii, Brachyspira innocens, ''Brachyspira pulli''), and isolates of undetermined species affiliation were included. The laying hens had not been exposed to therapeutic levels of antimicrobials for at least 50 weeks before sampling, and low levels of environmental antimicrobial exposure were presumed in mallards. No isolates with decreased susceptibility to tylosin, valnemulin, tiamulin or doxycycline were found. Decreased susceptibility to lincomycin (minimum inhibitory concentration 16 mg/ml) was detected in two isolates (Brachyspira sp.) from laying hens. Five isolates showed decreased susceptibility to ampicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration 16 to !32 mg/ml), including two ''B. pulli'' and one B. alvinipulli from laying hens, and isolates of B. pilosicoli and ''B. pulli'' from mallards. Decreased susceptibility to ampicillin was associated with b-lactamase activity in four isolates. A new variant of a class D b-lactamase gene designated bla oxa-192 was identified in a B. pilosicoli isolate of mallard origin. This is the first time the genetic basis for antimicrobial resistance is described in Brachyspira spp. from a free-living wild bird. Isolates displaying decreased susceptibility to ampicillin were accompanied by fully susceptible isolates of the same species or other genotypes within three laying hen flocks. This underlines the need for performing antimicrobial susceptibility tests on single clones/genotypes, and to analyse multiple isolates from the same flock.

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“…Valnemulin has been used extensively to treat respiratory tract infection in swine, calf and poultry (Stipkovits et al ., ; Tzika et al ., ; Jansson & Pringle, ). Previous studies showed that valnemulin had great antibacterial activities against mycoplasma, spirochetes, gram‐positive bacteria, and some fastidious gram‐negative bacilli (Karlsson et al ., ; Ohya & Sueyoshi, ). Mycoplasma gallisepticum was more susceptible to valnemulin when compared to enrofloxacin, tylosin, lincomycin/spectinomycin, and tiamulin (Jordan et al ., ; Verlinden et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population pharmacokinetics of valnemulin in swine

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2013

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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This study was carried out in 121 pigs to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model by oral (p.o.) administration of valnemulin at a single dose of 10 mg/kg. Serum biochemistry parameters of each pig were determined prior to drug administration. Three to five blood samples were collected at random time points, but uniformly distributed in the absorption, distribution, and elimination phases of drug disposition. Plasma concentrations of valnemulin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The concentration-time data were fitted to PPK models using nonlinear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM) with G77 FORTRAN compiler. NONMEM runs were executed using Wings for NONMEM. Fixed effects of weight, age, sex as well as biochemistry parameters, which may influence the PK of valnemulin, were investigated. The drug concentration-time data were adequately described by a one-compartmental model with first-order absorption. A random effect model of valnemulin revealed a pattern of log-normal distribution, and it satisfactorily characterized the observed interindividual variability. The distribution of random residual errors, however, suggested an additive model for the initial phase (<12 h) followed by a combined model that consists of both proportional and additive features (≥ 12 h), so that the intra-individual variability could be sufficiently characterized. Covariate analysis indicated that body weight had a conspicuous effect on valnemulin clearance (CL/F). The featured population PK values of Ka , V/F and CL/F were 0.292/h, 63.0 L and 41.3 L/h, respectively.

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Strains Isolated in Japan from 1985 to 2009

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Swine Dysentery: Aetiology, Pathogenicity, Determinants of Transmission and the Fight against the Disease

Swine Dysentery: Aetiology, Pathogenicity, Determinants of Transmission and the Fight against the Disease

Antimicrobial susceptibility ofBrachyspiraspp. isolated from commercial laying hens and free-living wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Population pharmacokinetics of valnemulin in swine

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