ABSTRACT. We examined the susceptibility in vitro of 99 isolates of Mycoplasma (M. bovirhinis, M. bovis, M. alkalescens and M. bovoculi) and one of Acholeplasma laidlawii collected in 2008 and 2009 from Japanese homebred cattle and cows imported from Australia to 13 antimicrobial agents. Mycoplasma species isolated from homebred cattle were susceptible to spectinomycin and fluoroquinolones but resistant to macrolides, tetracyclines, thiamphenicol and flumequine. Kanamycin, lincomycin and chloramphenicol maintained intermediate effectiveness against these species. The isolates from the imported cows maintained sufficient susceptibility to all antimicrobials examined except for erythromycin and thiamphenicol. These results showed that four species of Mycoplasma isolated from Japanese homebred cattle had obviously higher drug resistance compared with previous reports, even within this decade.KEY WORDS: bovine respiratory diseases, drug resistance, Mycoplasma spp.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 72(12): 1661-1663, 2010 Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) caused by several combinations of viral and bacterial infections together with stress is a significant problem that has considerable economic impact on the cattle industry [4,12]. Mycoplasma is a causative agent of BRDC [2,6,7,10,12]. Because vaccination of cattle to prevent Mycoplasma infection has not yet been approved in Japan, other approaches are needed, such as preventing bacterial invasion of farms through hygiene management, preventing respiratory symptoms through nutritional management and antibiotic treatment of cattle with abnormal respiratory manifestations. Although the antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma species has changed [6,7,10], there has been no report of examination of the susceptibility in Japan since isolates were collected from 1996-1997 [6]. Therefore, this study examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma strains recently isolated from cattle in Japan.We analyzed 99 isolates of Mycoplasma (M. bovirhinis, M. bovis, M. alkalescens and M. bovoculi) and one of Acholeplasma laidlawii collected in 2008 and 2009 from Japanese homebred cattle that were 15 days to 11 months old at 33 farms in Kyusyu and healthy cows imported from Australia that were 14 to 15 months old. At the time of sampling, the Australian cattle were isolated from other cows because of quarantine restrictions at the destination farm.We examined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 13 antimicrobial agents (kanamycin, spectinomycin, erythromycin, tylosin, tilmicosin, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, flumequine, enrofloxacin and danofloxacin) required to completely suppress the growth of the four species of Mycoplasma and A. laidlawii. The MICs were determined using agar dilution according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines [3] and a previous report [5]. Mycoplasma species and A. laidlawii were grown and diluted 1:100 in M broth [9]. Bacterial suspensions (about 10 6 colony formi...