In vitro antimicrobial activity of <i>Harungana madagascriensis</i> and <i>Euphorbia prostrata</i> extracts against some pathogenic <i>Salmonella</i> sp.

Abstract

Harungana madagascariensis Lam (Hypericaceae) and Euphorbia prostrata Ait (Euphorbiaceae) are commonly used in Cameroon as traditional medicines for the treatment of typhoid fevers. Aqueous extracts were prepared from the leaves of H. madagascariensis and the whole plant of E. prostrata and tested in vitro for antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Paratyphi B and Salmonella Typhimurium, using broth dilution technique. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard methods. Acute toxicity study of the various extracts was also done on mice. Results obtained showed that H. madagascariensis extract exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 390.625 to 1562.5 µg/ml. The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of H. madagascariensis extract as shown by the acute toxicity studies were 11.6 g/kg and 13.2 g/kg body weight for female and male mice, respectively. The MIC values of E. prostrata extract varied from 1024 to 2048 µg/ml. The LD 50 values obtained for this extract were 23.2 g/kg and 26.4 g/kg body weight for female and male mice, respectively. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenols, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, anthocyanins, triterpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids in both plant extracts. These data suggest that the aqueous extracts of H. madagascariensis and E. prostrata contain antibacterial principles which may be non toxic.

Isolation, characterization and in vitro anti-salmonellal activity of compounds from stem bark extract of Canarium schweinfurthii

“…It is in this perspective that the hydro-ethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii has been explored for its antisalmonellal activity and its bioactive compounds. Several plants are traditionally used against human salmonellosis [41][42][43][44][45][46] and avian salmonellosis [24][25][26]47]. Plants with high anti-salmonellal potential that show promise for the control of avian salmonellosis include Aloe secundiflora [47], Thymus vulgaris [48], Curcuma longa and Scutellaria baicalensis [25] and Erica mannii [27].…”

Toxicological studies of stem bark extract from Schefflera barteri Harms (Araliaceae)

“…The extract S. barteri is therefore relatively harmless based on Hodge and Sterner Scale [17]. However, the reduction in mice activity and reaction to noise may be due to depressant and sedative effect on the central nervous system [18]. The reduction of reaction to pinch and reactivity may be due to its inhibitory action on nocireptors or inhibition of the production of algogenic substances (prostaglandins, histamines), or inhibition of the pain signal transmission at the central level [19].…”

Medicinal plants used in managing diseases of the respiratory system among the Luo community: an appraisal of Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya

“…Influenza, pneumonia, wounds, family planning, typhoid, over bleeding during menstruation cycle and birth [105] Antibacterial and antifungal activities (petroleum ether and aqueous leaf extracts) [109], antifungal activity (The methanol leaf extract) [110] in vitro (Agar well and disc diffusion assays) [109], in vitro (Agar well diffusion technique) [110] The LC 50 was reported to be < 250 µg/ mL in the brine shrimp lethality assay [111] Croton dichogamous Pax Chest congestion (wheezing) [112] Polio like-symptoms, gonorrhea, chest pains [39] Threatened abortion, infertility [113] Pesticidal activity [114] No [115] In vitro (Broth dilution technique) [116], in vitro (Solid dilution method, bioautography) [117] The aqueous leaf extract was reported to induce liver damage at high doses of > 100 mg/kg and > 200 mg/kg in female and male rats respectively [118].…”