Isolation, characterization and in vitro anti-salmonellal activity of compounds from stem bark extract of Canarium schweinfurthii

Abstract

Background Bacteria belonging to the Salmonella genus are major concern for health, as they are widely reported in many cases of food poisoning. The use of antibiotics remains a main stream control strategy for avian salmonellosis as well as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in humans. Due to the growing awareness about drug resistance and toxicities, the use of antibiotics is being discouraged in many countries whilst advocating potent benign alternatives such as phyto-based medicine. The objective of this work was to isolate, characterise the bioactive compounds of Canarium schweinfurthii; and evaluate their anti-salmonellal activity. Methods The hydro-ethanolic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii was fractionated and tested for their anti-salmonellal activity. The most active fractions (i.e. chloroform and ethyl acetate partition fractions) were then explored for their phytochemical constituents. Fractionation on normal phase silica gel column chromatography and size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 led to the isolation of four compounds (maniladiol, scopoletin, ethyl gallate and gallic acid) reported for the first time in Canarium schweinfurthii. Results Result indicated that scopoletin and gallic acid had greater activity than the crude extracts and partition fractions. Among the isolated compounds, scopoletin showed the highest inhibitory activity with a MIC of 16 μg/ml against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. Conclusions The overall results of this study indicates that the hydro-ethanolic extract as well as some of isolated compounds have interesting anti-salmonellal activities that could be further explored for the development of potent therapy for salmonellosis. Furthermore, the study adds credence to the folkloric applications of the plant.

In vitro Antisalmonella and Antioxidant Activity of Hydroethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Bauhinia rufescens Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts

“…The inhibition of Salmonella growth by different extracts of B. rufescens may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds. This result corroborates the work of Sokoudjou et al [24] who showed that phenolic compounds such as gallic acid and scopoletin were active (MIC ranging from 16 to 128 µg/ml) against ST, STM and S. Typhi 6539. Antibacterial substances can be classified as bactericidal, when the BMC/MIC ratio ≤ 4 or bacteriostatic, when the MBC/MIC ratio > 4 [25].…”

Polyphenolic Profile, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Activities of Some African Medicinal Plants

“…However, upregulation of these receptors can disrupt immune balance and lead to a continuous inflammatory state and poor signaling to the adaptive system [ 29 ]. Polyphenols in general can mitigate inflammatory diseases related to infections via the modulation of the signaling pathways that are mediated by pathogen recognition receptors [ 30 , 31 ]. Thus, polyphenols were found to effectively regulate NF-κβ activation and reverse TLR gene over-expression in exposed organisms [ 10 ].…”

Antisalmonella Activity and Modes of Action of Extracts, Fractions and Cerevisterol from Impatiens burtonii against Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella

“…One (1) kg of the total powder was removed and worm in water (2 L) which was remove from the heat source for 15 minutes for the infusion while for the decoction we mixed one kg of powder with 2L of water and allow both to boil for 15 minutes. Part (3,14 kg) of powder was also use to prepare hydroethanolic extracts (95%, 75%, 55% and 35%) according to the protocol described by Sokoudjou et al, [20]. After filtration, the obtained filtrates were evaporated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield the extracts.…”