In vitro antifungal activity of organic compounds derived from amino alcohols against onychomycosis

Abstract

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail caused by high densities of filamentous fungi and yeasts. Treatment for this illness is long-term, and recurrences are frequently detected. This study evaluated in vitro antifungal activities of 12 organic compounds derived from amino alcohols against standard fungal strains, such as Trichophyton rubrum CCT 5507 URM 1666, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The antifungal compounds were synthesized from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4a–4f) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (9a–9f). Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicidal concentrations were determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols M38-A2, M27-A3, and M27-S4. The amine series 4b–4e, mainly 4c and 4e compounds, were effective against filamentous fungi and yeast (MIC from 7.8 to 312 μg/mL). On the other hand, the amide series (9a–9f) did not present inhibitory effect against fungi, except amide 9c, which demonstrated activity only against C. albicans. This allowed us to infer that the presence of amine group and intermediate carbon number (8C–11C) in its aliphatic side chain seems to be important for antifungal activity. Although these compounds present cytotoxic activity on macrophages J774, our results suggest that these aromatic compounds might constitute potential as leader molecules in the development of more effective and less toxic analogs that could have considerable implications for future therapies of onychomycosis.

Vitellaroside, A New Cerebroside from Vitellaria paradoxa (Sapotaceae) and its Bioactivities

“…The activity of all the compounds against the gram (-) bacteria used in this study suggests that these compounds could be able to cross this tough barrier. All these compounds presented in their structures many organic functions (hydroxyls groups, amide, alkene, ester functions, phenols and carboxylic acids) that can be responsible for the observed activities [49,50]. This study confirms the fact that the number and the position of hydroxyl groups influenced the membrane interaction effects of organic compounds.…”

First In Vitro–In Silico Analysis for the Determination of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of 2-(4-Methoxyphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl Methacrylate and p-Acetamide

“…33−35 Therefore, it is of great importance to search for economical new alternative antifungal compounds with less side effects to treat fungal infections. 33,36 Due to their reactive and chemical characteristics, amide and anisole groups play a significant functional role in pharmaceuticals. 33,37 In our study, % fungal inhibition was calculated by comparing the fungal colony diameter in the samples using DMSO as a negative control.…”

“…33,36 Due to their reactive and chemical characteristics, amide and anisole groups play a significant functional role in pharmaceuticals. 33,37 In our study, % fungal inhibition was calculated by comparing the fungal colony diameter in the samples using DMSO as a negative control. As seen in Table 4, p-acetamide showed the greatest antifungal effect by inhibiting the colony growth of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (98%).…”

Onicomicoses por fungos do gênero Candida: uma revisão de literatura

“…Esta condição patológica afeta a qualidade de vida, com perda da autoestima do paciente podendo resultar em limitações físicas, ocupacionais e sociais (Flores et al, 2016). Dentre os principais fatores relacionados à onicomicose são umidade, uso prolongado de calçados fechados, trauma ungueal repetitivo, predisposição genética e doenças crônicas, como diabetes, HIV e imunosenescência (Caneschi et al, 2017).…”