In vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxic effect of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus

Abstract

RESUMO: "Atividade antifúngica in vitro e os efeitos citotóxicos de óleos essenciais e extratos de plantas medicinais e aromáticas contra Candida krusei e Aspergillus fumigatus" As plantas são geralmente utilizadas na medicina tradicional como agentes antimicrobianos e seus óleos essenciais e extratos foram conhecidos por possuir atividade antifúngica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a atividade de 32 óleos essenciais e 29 extratos contra Candida krusei e Aspergillus fumigatus, bem como o efeito citotóxico em células Vero. A curva do tempo-morte e a interação entre antifúngicos e Chenopodium ambrosioidese do extrato de Myrcia cucullata mostraram atividade antifúngica contra C. krusei (geometric means of the minimal inhibitory concentration [GM-MIC] 7,82 e 31,25 µg/ mL, respectivamente). Lippia citriodora foi ativa contra C. krusei e A. fumigatus (GM-CIM = 99,21 µg/mL e 62,5 µg/mL, respectivamente). Os testes de tempo-morte feitos com óleo de C. ambrosioides mostraram atividade fungicida em 4x MIC. A interação do óleo C. ambrosioides com itraconazol e anfotericina B foi testada pela técnica de xadrez. Nenhuma interação foi detectada pela combinação do óleo C. ambrosioides com anfotericina B e itraconazol (intervalo fractional inhibitory index [FICI] = 1,03-1,06 e 1,03-1,00, respectivamente). Os ensaios de citotoxicidade para todas as amostras foram realizadas com MTT. Apenas os óleos Hedyosmun sp. e L. dulcis foram citotóxicos.Unitermos: Candida krusei, Aspergillus fumigatus, óleos essenciais, extratos, curva do tempomorte, técnica de xadrez. ABSTRACT:The plants are usually used in traditional medicine as antimicrobial agents and their essential oils and extracts have been known to possess antifungal activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of 32 essential oils and 29 extracts in vitro against C. krusei and A. fumigatus as well as the cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. Time-kill curve and interaction between antifungal and the most active sample against C. krusei, was also evaluated. The oils from C. ambrosioides and the extract of M. cucullata showed antifungal activity against C. krusei (GM-MIC 7.82 and 31.25 µg/mL, respectively). L. citriodora was active against C. krusei and A. fumigates (GM-MIC = 99.21 µg/mL and 62.5 µg/mL respectively). Time-kill assays done with C. ambrosioides oil showed fungicidal activity at 4x MIC. The interaction of C. ambrosioides oil with itraconazole and amphotericin B was tested following the chequerboard technique. No interaction was detected for the combination of C. ambrosioides oil with amphotericin B and itraconazole (FICI range = 1.03-1.06 and 1.03-1.00, respectively). Cytotoxicity assays for all samples were carried out with MTT. Only the oil from Hedyosmun sp. and L. dulcis were cytotoxic.

Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes and fibroblasts

“…From the bio-prospection perspective, C. citratus essential oils and their citral and myrcene compounds have been reported as substances with antimicrobial properties on S. mutans planktonic cultures (Bernardes et al, 2010;Vargas et al, 2010) and S. mutans biofilms (Tofiño-Rivera et al, 2016;Almeida, Akisue, Cardoso, Junqueira, & Jorge, 2013, Oliveira et al, 2017. However, regarding its adverse effects on oral mucosa, several cell lines present very variable results (Koba et al, 2009;Correa-Royero, Tangarife, Durán, Stashenko, & Mesa-Arango, 2010;Vargas et al, 2010;Kpoviessi et al, 2014;Tofiño-Rivera et al, 2016).…”

Effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Lippia citriodora on candida albicans

“…A study in 2009 by Royaro showed that the extract of L. citriodora leaves exhibited the highest anti-fungal activity at inhibitory concentrations of 99.21 and 65.5 μg/mL against C. krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively (22). A study in 2012 by Lozada showed that the essential oils of L. citriodora and L. origanoid resulted in 90% inhibition of fungal growth at a concentration of 200 μg/mL; however, 100% inhibition was achieved at concentrations in the range of 800–1000 μg/mL (27). A study in 2007 by Oliviera on the antibacterial activity of L. origanoid with the use of drop diffusion technique showed its inhibitory effects on gram-positive microorganisms, including S. aureus and C. albicans (28).…”

The genus Calea L.: A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities

“…Amphotericin B and itraconazole were used as positive controls in antifungal assay at final concentrations of 0.031–16 μg·ml −1 , exhibiting MIC values between 0.125–1.26 μg·ml −1 . C. glomerata extract did not present any antifungal and cytotoxic activity (Correa‐Royero, Tangarife, Duran, Stashenko, & Mesa‐Arango, ).…”