In-Vitro Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Surfactin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Periodontitis Treatment

Abstract

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with biofilm formation and gingival recession. The practice of nanotechnology in the clinical field is increased overtime due to its potential advantages in drug delivery applications. Nanoparticles can deliver drugs into the targeted area with high efficiency and cause less damages to the tissues. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of surfactin-loaded κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides linked cellulose nanofibers (CO-CNF) nanoparticles. Three types of surfactin-loaded nanoparticles were prepared based on the increasing concentration of surfactin such as 50SNPs (50 mg surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles), 100SNPs (100 mg surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles), and 200SNPs (200 mg surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles). The results showed that the nanoparticles inhibited the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The reduction in biofilm formation and metabolic activity of the bacteria were confirmed by crystal violet and MTT assay, respectively. Besides, an increase in oxidative stress was also observed in bacteria. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effects of surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles was observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. A decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transcription factor, and cytokines were observed in the presence of nanoparticles. Collectively, these observations supported the use of surfactin-loaded CO-CNF as a potential candidate for periodontitis management.

TCPP/MgO-loaded PLGA microspheres combining photodynamic antibacterial therapy with PBM-assisted fibroblast activation to treat periodontitis

“…Previous studies reported that the clearance of bacteria would facilitate fibroblast activation. 57 The cell viability of fibroblasts treated with various formulations in the presence of bacteria still awaits further study.…”

New aspects of lipopeptide-incorporated nanoparticle synthesis and recent advancements in biomedical and environmental sciences: a review

“…Further studies on green nanomaterials have targeted to reduce these extensive problems and received a more convenient way of treatment with insignificant side effects. Recently, Johnson et al 226 reported that surfactin-loaded κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides-linked cellulose nanofibers nanoparticles diminished the biofilm development and metabolic bacterial activity, confirmed through crystal violet and MTT assay. The author also observed the inhibition effects with two different bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which led to an increase in the oxidative stress in the bacteria.…”

“…225 Moreover, the surfactin-based nanomaterials were used to treat the periodontitis disease at a specifically targeted position efficiently and with less tissue damage. 226 The various types of surfactin-mediated nanomaterials were introduced in medical science applications, which demonstrated a high demand in the global market. 227 6.1.1.…”

Algicidal characteristics of novel algicidal compounds, cyclic lipopeptide surfactins from Bacillus tequilensis strain D8, in eliminating Heterosigma akashiwo blooms

“…Due to its hydrophilic peptide moiety and lipophilic fatty acid chain moiety, surfactin is an amphipathic biosurfactant and exhibits potent surfactant properties, reducing the surface tension of water from 72 to 27 mN/m at concentrations as low as 10 μM ( Datta et al, 2020 ). Due to their excellent ability to attack the cell membrane and improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic organics ( Dewidar and Sorial, 2021 ), surfactins are often used in antibacterial ( Johnson et al, 2021 ), antimycoplasmal ( Wang et al, 2020b ), antiviral ( Yuan et al, 2018 ), anticancer ( Wu et al, 2017 ), and oil recovery and degradation applications ( Yang et al, 2020 ; Meena et al, 2021 ). However, surfactins have never been applied to kill algae and control HABs.…”