In vitro antibacterial activity of antiretroviral drugs on key commensal bacteria from the human microbiota

Rubio-Garcia, Elisa; Ferrando, Núria; Martin, Núria; Ballesté-Delpierre, Clara; Miró, Jose M.; Paredes, Roger; Casals-Pascual, Climent; Vila, Jordi

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1306430

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…Indeed, a recent in vitro study elucidates an unexpected facet of ART — its antibacterial activity. Certain antiretroviral drugs exhibited in vitro antibacterial action against gut and vaginal commensal bacteria, particularly against multidrug-resistant strains [ 51 ]. Collectively, these findings indicate that ART’s influence on the gut microbiome is complex and requires further research to fully grasp its implications on the health of PWH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From dysbiosis to defense: harnessing the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV therapy

Brenchley,

Serrano-Villar

2024

Microbiome

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Background Although the microbiota has been extensively associated with HIV pathogenesis, the majority of studies, particularly those using omics techniques, are largely correlative and serve primarily as a basis for hypothesis generation. Furthermore, most have focused on characterizing the taxonomic composition of the bacterial component, often overlooking other levels of the microbiome. The intricate mechanisms by which the microbiota influences immune responses to HIV are still poorly understood. Interventional studies on gut microbiota provide a powerful tool to test the hypothesis of whether we can harness the microbiota to improve health outcomes in people with HIV. Results Here, we review the multifaceted role of the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV disease progression and its potential as a therapeutic target. We explore the complex interplay between gut microbial dysbiosis and systemic inflammation, highlighting the potential for microbiome-based therapeutics to open new avenues in HIV management. These include exploring the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and targeted dietary modifications. We also address the challenges inherent in this research area, such as the difficulty in inducing long-lasting microbiome alterations and the complexities of study designs, including variations in probiotic strains, donor selection for FMT, antibiotic conditioning regimens, and the hurdles in translating findings into clinical practice. Finally, we speculate on future directions for this rapidly evolving field, emphasizing the need for a more granular understanding of microbiome-immune interactions, the development of personalized microbiome-based therapies, and the application of novel technologies to identify potential therapeutic agents. Conclusions Our review underscores the importance of the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV disease and its potential as a target for innovative therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From dysbiosis to defense: harnessing the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV therapy

Brenchley,

Serrano-Villar

2024

Microbiome

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Untangling the role of the microbiome across the stages of HIV disease

Ortiz,

Brenchley

2024

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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Purpose of review The primate microbiome consists of bacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses that dynamically shape and respond to host health and disease. Understanding how the symbiotic relationship between the host and microbiome responds to HIV has implications for therapeutic design. Recent findings Advances in microbiome identification technologies have expanded our ability to identify constituents of the microbiome and to infer their functional capacity. The dual use of these technologies and animal models has allowed interrogation into the role of the microbiome in lentiviral acquisition, vaccine efficacy, and the response to antiretrovirals. Lessons learned from such studies are now being harnessed to design microbiome-based interventions. Summary Previous studies considering the role of the microbiome in people living with HIV largely described viral acquisition as an intrusion on the host:microbiome interface. Re-framing this view to consider HIV as a novel, albeit unwelcome, component of the microbiome may better inform the research and development of pre and postexposure prophylaxes.

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Unraveling the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: Focus on mecA and PVL Genes

Nguyen-Thi,

Pham-Thi,

Nguyen-Thi

et al. 2024

F1000Res

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Background Staphylococcus aureus infections, including Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), present significant challenges in healthcare due to rising antimicrobial resistance. This study evaluates the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus, focusing on key resistance-associated genes mecA and PVL. Methods A total of 568 clinical specimens were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus. Demographic data were collected to assess age-dependent prevalence. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted to evaluate resistance patterns. The prevalence of the mecA and PVL genes was determined using molecular techniques. Results S. aureus was identified in 37.9% of cases, with the highest prevalence (60-79 age group). All S. aureus isolates showed 100% resistance to penicillin. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains accounted for 84.19% of isolates, with a significant presence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. The mecA gene was prevalent in 82.79% of MRSA isolates, indicating its strong association with methicillin resistance. Additionally, 41.86% of all S. aureus isolates were positive for the PVL gene, highlighting its widespread distribution. Conclusions The high prevalence of mecA and PVL genes in S. aureus strains underscores the challenges in managing these infections. These findings emphasize the necessity for judicious antibiotic use and enhanced collaborative efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the genetic basis of resistance can inform more effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes in S. aureus infections.

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In vitro antibacterial activity of antiretroviral drugs on key commensal bacteria from the human microbiota

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

From dysbiosis to defense: harnessing the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV therapy

From dysbiosis to defense: harnessing the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV therapy

Untangling the role of the microbiome across the stages of HIV disease

Unraveling the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: Focus on mecA and PVL Genes

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