In vitro anti-Neisseria gonorrhoeae activity of Terminalia macroptera leaves

Abstract

We used the agar dilution method to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Terminalia macroptera leaf (Tml) extract against nine reference and clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, including penicillin‐ and tetracycline‐resistant and ‐susceptible strains. Tml possesses anti‐N. gonorrhoeae activity against all of the strains and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were between 100 and 200 μg ml−1. We then used a liquid–liquid partition method to divide the Tml extract into five fractions and determined the anti‐N. gonorrhoeae activity of each of the fractions. All of the fractions showed antibacterial activity. The most active one was identified as the diethyl ether fraction and had MIC values of between 25 and 50 μg ml−1 against all of the strains.

In vitro activity of eugenol, an active component from Ocimum sanctum, against multiresistant and susceptible strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

“…Loss of activity on purification of H24, H25, H31h and H33o might be due to the absence of a synergistic effect upon purification, which probably occurred when all the compounds were present together in the unpurified form in the semipurified fractions. The MIC of eugenol in this study is comparable with the MIC (100-200 mg/L) of leaf extract, but is greater than that of the diethyl ether fraction (25-50 mg/L) of Terminalia macroptera on N. gonorrhoeae strains [7].…”

“…In addition, five clinical isolates (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) were used to test the activity during bioassay-guided purification, as some of the purified fractions were not available in sufficient amount to be tested on a larger number of isolates. The activity of the characterised active fraction (H12c) was tested on 14 other isolates (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Thus, a total of 19 clinical isolates (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) were used in this study, which were isolated from patients with acute gonococcal urethritis and were identified using standard methods [4,5].…”

Antimicrobial and antimalarial activity of Cussonia species (Araliaceae)

“…Cussonia arborea is the most frequently reported species. Previous anti-gonorrhoeal studies on herbal medicines include the study of Silva et al (2002)-Terminalia macroptera ethanolic extracts displayed MIC values of 0.1-0.2 mg/mL. Ruddock et al (2005) obtained an MIC value of 10 mg/mL when crude garlic was tested against gonorrhoea.…”

“…Gonorrhoea is one of the most common venereal diseases in Africa, which is spread primarily by sexual intercourse (Silva et al, 2002). The infection is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae and it affects the mucous membrane of the vagina or the urethra of the male.…”

Extract from Terminalia chebula Seeds Protect Against Experimental Ischemic Neuronal Damage Via Maintaining SODs and BDNF Levels

“…T. chebula contains tannic acid, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid and corilagin: Tannic acid has antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant activity [12][13][14], and chebulagic acid shows anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects [15,16]. In addition, chebulinic acid has an inhibition of cancer cell growth and anti-fungal activity [17,18], and corilagin shows antioxidative, antiatherogenic, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory effects [19][20][21][22]. On the other hand, the ripe fruit of T. chebula is reputed to improve cognitive processes and to promote longevity [23,24].…”