In vitro anthelmintic activity of Allium sativum, Allium cepa and Jatropha curcas against Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum

Abstract

Prevalence of animal diseases is one of the major livestock production constraints in Kenya with high impacts on livelihoods due to related economic losses affecting food security in the country. The use of synthetic drugs for disease management has challenges. This makes the use of medicinal plants for treatment a rational alternative. Ascarids, Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum are among the most frequently observed helminth parasites in dogs in Kenya. The two parasites are also known to cause helminthiasis in human beings. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of ethanol and aqueous extracts from bulbs of A. sativum and A. cepa and from leaves of J. curcas against T. canis and A. caninum parasites. Six (6) extracts from three (3) plants: A. cepa, A. sativum and J. curcas were selected for in vitro anthelmintic screening by measuring ability to inhibit hatching and development of eggs and survival of larvae in vitro. The ethanol extracts of A. cepa inhibited hatching of 100% of eggs of A. caninum between 10,000 and 2,500 ug/ml and 100% of eggs of T. canis between 10,000 and 1,250 ug/ml while that of A. sativum inhibited hatching of 100% of A. caninum eggs between 10,000 and 5,000 ug/ml. However the ethanol extract of A. sativum did not have the same effect on the development of T. canis eggs at these concentrations. The ethanol extracts of both A. cepa and A. sativum affected the survival of 100% of A. caninum larvae at a concentration of 156 ug/ml and above. The water extracts of the three plants had moderate effects on the eggs and the larvae of both parasites. The results indicate that the ethanol extracts of A. cepa and A. sativum have anthelmintic properties which should be investigated further to support the ethnoveterinary use of the plants as anthelmintics for control and treatment of worm infestation in dogs.

Nutritional Composition and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous Extract of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic)

“…The result of the phytochemical screening showed that the extract of Allium cepa and Allium sativum contain, flavonoid, alkaloid, glycosides, saponin, tannin (Table 4). This is in agreement with the work done by Orengo et al [27]. The phytochemical components present are known to possess both physiological and as well as medicinal activities.…”

Efficacy of Zingiber officinale ethanol extract on the viability, embryogenesis and infectivity of Toxocara canis eggs

“…Consistent with this finding, Verocai et al (2010) observed that T. canis eggs exposed to sodium hypochlorite were morphologically damaged, but still formed larvae and remained infective for 2 weeks. Additionally, ethanol extracts of Allium cepa and Allium sativum showed good anthelmintic activity against T. canis since they affected the survival of larvae (Orengo et al 2016). Also, Z. officinale ethanol extract at the concentration of 800 lg/mL induced programmed death in Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro (Arbabi et al 2016).…”

Is There Any Evidence to Support the Use of Garlic as a Wormer for Dogs and Cats in the UK?

“…To aid visualisation of the results, these raw values have been reported using line graphs created by the author of this Knowledge Summary. (day [11][12] The author of this Knowledge Summary also undertook the following analysis on the data reported in the original paper:…”

“…Palacious-Landin et al, 2015; Orengo et al, 2016; Tavassoli et al, 2018) efficacy (differing stages of the life cycle, dependent on the study) against various species of helminth. This includes in vitro activity against some species (Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum) that infest dogs(Orengo et al, 2016). Consequently, scientific and veterinary growth in its interest in a wormer for dogs and cats may be likely to develop over time.…”