In vitro anthelmintic activity of Chenopodium album and in-silico prediction of mechanistic role on Eisenia foetida

Abstract

Helminths born diseases are related to pitiable management practices and improper control strategies. The medicinal plants contain various phytoconstituents that are liable for their anthelmintic activity. The aerial parts of the Chenopodium album were successively extracted with microwaves assisted extraction using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, hydroalcoholic and aqueous solvents to get respective extracts (CAPE, CAEE, CAME, CAHE, and CAAE). All the extracts were analyzed for preliminary phytochemical screening for the identification of phytoconstituents. The anthelmintic activity was analyzed on Indian adult earthworms Eisenia foetida using piperazine citrate (PCT) as a standard drug. All the extracts (apart from CAAE) lead to paralysis and fatality of the earthworms. CAEE extract exhibits highly significant anthelmintic activity at a 10 mg/ml concentration by causing paralysis and fatality of earthworms and was more potent than PCT suspension. At a concentration of 10 mg/ml, paralysis and death time for CAEE was recorded as (10.08 ± 1.11) and (65.28 ± 2.09) respectively, while for standard piperazine citrate, it was recorded as (22.96 ± 1.12) and (65.09 ± 1.23). The CAEE exhibits two major compounds by LC-MS, i.e., NG and DG, that are mainly accountable for the Chenopodium album anthelmintic activity . The plant possesses GABA-mimetic action and thereby leads to flaccid, reversible paralysis of the body wall muscle.

Potential effects and relevant lead compounds of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper seeds against bacterial infection, helminthiasis, thrombosis and neuropharmacological disorders

“…Phytomedicine is revived for its safer use and long-lasting effectiveness, yet it becomes almost extinct in the 21st century. Phytochemicals present in the plants are responsible for various pharmacological activities ( Choudhary et al, 2021 ). From the phytochemical analysis it was seen that the studied sample contained different phytochemical compounds such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides, proteins, phytosterols, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and saponins.…”

“…To screen carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols and phytosterols in the extract, some preliminary qualitative phytochemical tests were performed on the freshly prepared MESVM ( Choudhary et al, 2021 , Gul et al, 2017 ).…”

“…In this study, the anthelmintic activity of MESVM at different concentrations was tested by in vitro paralysis and death test on adult earthworms ( Pheretima posthuma ) ( Choudhary et al, 2021 ). The earthworms of 3–4 in.…”

Tuberous plants with active compounds against helminths in livestock: A systematic review

“…Of the 41 parasites indicated four are non-parasitic earthworms which are Lumbricus rubellus, Eudrilus eugeniae, Pheretima posthuma, and Eisenia foetida. They are used as test worms because of their anatomical and physiological resemblance to gastrointestinal tapeworms and because they are easily available (Choudhary et al 2021a;Salma et al 2021).…”

Antioxidant, Antifungal and Cytotoxic Impact of Acacia nilotica Bark Aqueous Extract

“…To spot the bioactive phyto-content in the A.nilotica bark acquired aqueous extracts (crude extract), various chemical tests as per the availed standard protocols were employed (Iqbal et al, 2015;Choudhary et al, 2021).…”