PIP has a broad market and considerable economic benefits in China.Extraction of pepper is the main way to obtain PIP. There are three main types of extraction methods, including acid extraction method (PIP is a basic substance 2,3 ). Pharmacological studies have confirmed that PIP has a series of functions, including analgesia, antipyresis, anti-oxidation, anti-tumour, immune regulation, etc. 4,5 In the study of the anti-tumour activity of piperine, several cancer models showed cytotoxic and inhibitory effects on a variety of cancer cell lines, including colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer and prostate cancer. 6 In addition, anti-tumour activity has also been found in various animal models. Piperine triggers cell death by causing cell apoptosis and necrosis. The molecular apoptotic effects of piperine activity include reduction of cell lymphoma, caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) activation, oncogene and NH2-terminal kinase activation are involved. In addition, piperoning was found to restore the normal function of the