In Vitro and In Vivo Electrochemical Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species After Treatment with Anticancer Drugs

Abstract

In vivo monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumors during treatment with anticancer therapy is important for understanding the mechanism of action and in the design of new anticancer drugs. In this work, a platinized nanoelectrode is placed into a single cell for detection of the ROS signal, and drug-induced ROS production is then recorded. The main advantages of this method are the short incubation time with the drug and its high sensitivity which allows the detection of low intracellular ROS concentrations. We have shown that our new method can measure the ROS response to chemotherapy in tumor-bearing mice in realtime. ROS levels were measured in vivo inside the tumor at different depths in response to doxorubicin. This work provides an effective new approach for the measurement of intracellular ROS by platinized nanoelectrodes.

Detection of Vascular Reactive Oxygen Species in Experimental Atherosclerosis by High-Resolution Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Using VCAM-1-Targeted Liposomes Entrapping a Fluorogenic Redox-Sensitive Probe

“…Since oxidative stress is instrumental in the pathoetiology of numerous human maladies, an increasing interest is shown towards methods and tools to specifically address the role of ROS in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models of disease, the results of which could be translated to human maladies. A wide range of colorimetric, fluorometric, chemiluminescent, electron spin resonance, magnetic resonance, electrochemical, ultrasound-based, and immunospecific assays have been developed in an attempt to distinctively detect, localize, and quantify various types of ROS in a wide range of experimental settings [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, because of the unique chemical characteristics of ROS, all the current methods for the specific interrogation of its production have both strengths and limitations [17].…”

Nanomaterial‐Based Electrochemical Sensors: Mechanism, Preparation, and Application in Biomedicine

“…Based on the precise recognition of biomolecules, [ 68,79 ] subcellular organisms, [ 80 ] and cells, [ 71,81 ] the nanomaterial‐based biochemical sensors can be integrated with other devices (e.g., microfluidics and wearable devices) toward health management and therapeutic controlling systems. [ 82 ]…”

“…The obtained dual‐target aptasensor exhibited linear detection for ATP ranging from 10 pM to 1000 nM with a LOD of 2 pM, and linear detection for AβO ranging from 1 pM to 200 nM with a low LOD of 0.3 pM. Similarly, Vaneev and coworkers utilized a noble metal‐based electrochemical sensor with platinized nanoelectrodes to detect the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal [79a] . They validated the feasibility of nanoelectrode for in vivo measuring ROS in tumor‐bearing mice, to monitor the efficacy of anticancer drugs on ROS pathways in real time.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Reactive Oxygen Species: State of the Art and Recent Advances

“…Yet, until now, they have only been used for high-throughput in vitro drug screenings, 211–213 as their use in in vivo deep layers of tumors appears technically difficult. 214 The roGFP possesses two cysteine residues forming an intramolecular bond and detects changes not only in ROS concentration, but also in the GSSG/GSH ratio. The HyPer sensor was instead generated by introducing the hydrogen peroxide-sensing domain of the prokaryotic transcription factor OxyR in a modified yellow fluorescent protein, 215 yet it is not ratiometric, rendering quantitative analysis difficult.…”

“…223 Nanoelectrodes already reached preclinical experimentation: when inserted in tumor-bearing mice, they allowed the real-time measurement of cancer ROS production, enabling estimation of the modality of action and efficacy (in terms of ROS production) of different chemotherapy drugs. 214…”