In Vitro Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Microencapsulated <i>Cosmos caudatus</i> Kunth Extracts

Abstract

The existence of phytochemicals in Cosmos caudatus Kunth, predominantly phenolic compounds, offers several health benefits. Nevertheless, the bioactive compounds are usually susceptible to degradation, and therefore may reduce their biological activity. This work aims to carry out microencapsulation of C. caudatus K. extracts by spray drying technique. The in vitro alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of the microencapsulated product is also investigated. The effect of manufacturing conditions, including pH, the concentration of wall materials, and stirring time, was evaluated. The optimal conditions for microcapsules formation were selected based on the activity of microcapsules as inhibitors for the alpha-amylase enzyme, pointing out by the lowest number of IC50. Results showed that microcapsules prepared in pH 4, 0.05% of chitosan, and 90 min stirring time had optimum efficiency, with the IC50 value of 92.85 ± 1.21 μg/mL. The FTIR (Fourier-Transform infrared) analysis showed that the –C–N stretching amine functional group appeared at wavenumber 1285 cm–1, and the –P=O phosphate bending appeared at 1206 cm–1. Characterization with PSA (particle size analyzer) and SEM (scanning electron microscope) indicated that microcapsules had predominantly spherical forms with a mean diameter of 38.92 μm. This work confirms the important role of microencapsulation in developing plant extracts with retained biological functionalities.

Microencapsulation Combination of Nigella sativa and Cosmos caudatus Kunth and In Vitro Protein Denaturation Inhibition Assay

“…Particle sizes are one of the factors that determine the efficiency of absorption and affects the release of active compounds. The smaller microencapsulated size provides better drug release [16]. If the concentration of Na-TPP is too high, this can cause the active compounds to be more challenging to diffuse out from the microcapsules [14].…”

Microencapsulation of Ruellia tuberosa L. Aqueous Root Extracts Using Chitosan-Sodium Tripolyphosphate and Their In Vitro Biological Activities

“…Finally, the effect of stirring time was determined by repeating the process using different stirring times at 60, 90, 120, and 150 min. The concentration of NaTPP were not varied throughout preparation of the microcapsules, and 0.3% (w/v) was chosen as concentration based on our previous study [ 26 ]. The optimum conditions were determined based on the percentage of encapsulation efficiency (% EE) as follows: …”

Profiling of Phytochemical Compounds of East Java Red Rice Bran Has the High-Value Biological Activities as Antioxidant and Antidiabetic

“…The powder of three varieties of red rice bran samples, each 200 g, was macerated with 99.9% methanol for 3 × 24 h at room temperature [28]. Each extract was filtered with Whatman paper no.…”

“…42 and then evaporated by rotary evaporator vacuum with a slow speed at 95 rpm, at 45 °C. The extracts were then stored under freezing temperature (4 °C) for further analysis [8,28].…”

“…The solution was cooled, and 5 mL of distilled water was added. Absorbance measurements at 480 nm and the IC 50 value were calculated [28]. The antidiabetic activity was then calculated using Eq.…”