In Vitro Aflatoxin B1 Binding by the Cell Wall and (1→3)-β-d-Glucan of Baker's Yeast

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of heat-killed baker's yeast (HKBY), the cell wall of baker's yeast (CWBY), and cell wall (1→3)-β-d-glucan of baker's yeast (BGBY) to bind aflatoxin B (AFB) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) spiked with 0.5 μg/mL AFB. Baker's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was heat killed by autoclaving at 121°C for 10 min. The cell wall was physically extracted, and (1→3)-β-d-glucan was extracted by a modified method. The concentration of AFB was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after exposure to binders for three contact times, 30 min, 5 h, and 24 h, at room temperature. AFB binding by HKBY, CWBY, and BGBY was 6.30 to 46.34%. The lowest binding capacity was found for HKBY with a contact time of 30 min, and the highest binding capacity was found for BGBY with a contact time of 24 h. Among binders, CWBY had the highest binder-AFB complex stability during washing with PBS, and the lowest stability was found for HKBY complexes. Results of this study indicated that BGBY was the most effective binder, and more exposure to BGBY removes more AFB from PBS.

Evaluation of the biological activities of β-glucan isolated from Lentinula edodes

“…According to Joannis-Cassan et al (2011), βglucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae might lower AFB1 by up to 29%. This was also demonstrated by Yiannikouris et al(2006), who reported that the adsorption range of AFB1 by β-glucan was 22Á8-59Á7%, whereasAazami et al (2018) reported that it was 6Á30-46Á34%. Meanwhile, yeast isolates identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia kudriavzevii demonstrated AFB1 detoxification in up to 85%(Intanoo et al 2018).…”

“…(2006), who reported that the adsorption range of AFB1 by β‐glucan was 22·8–59·7%, whereas Aazami et al . (2018) reported that it was 6·30–46·34%. Meanwhile, yeast isolates identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia kudriavzevii demonstrated AFB1 detoxification in up to 85% (Intanoo et al .…”

Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Probiotic Yeasts and Bacteria Isolated From Dairy Products of Iran

“…34 Also, it has been displayed that (1→3) β-D-glucan is the most efficient binder on the surface of S. cerevisiae cell wall. 35 The cell wall of this yeast has been mostly made up of polysaccharides (80-90%). An inside layer composed of β-D glucans is responsible for the mechanical resistance of cell wall.…”

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Charcoal, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Aflatoxin Adsorbents in Chocolate

“…The adsorption capability mainly depended on yeast composition and mycotoxin. Earlier studies investigated that yeast cells had the ability to attach numerous molecules involving mycotoxins via the polysaccharides (glucans), mannoproteins, and lipids found on their cell wall surface [ 32 ]. They can bind to the hydroxyl, ketone, and lactone groups of AFs by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces [ 33 ].…”