In vitro Activity of Enoxacin versus Ciprofloxacin, Fleroxacin, Lomefloxacin, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, and Rufloxacin against Uropathogens

Naber, Kurt G.; Well, Michaela; Hollauer, Karin; Kirchbauer, Daniela; Witte, Wolfgang

doi:10.1159/000007096

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Similarly, in a study from Lebanon, the resistance rate to ciprofloxacin was 25-46% [8,15] . In another study from Germany, uropathogens showed a resistance rate of 15.3% to fluoroquinolone [16] . In contrast, fluoroquinolone resistance remained low in other parts of the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infections in a Saudi Arabian Hospital

Al‐Tawfiq¹,

Anani

2009

Chemotherapy

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The study describes the pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTI) and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of health care-associated (HCA) and community-acquired (CA) isolates. Of the total of 3,989 nonrepetitive urinary cultures, 4.7% (n = 188) were HCA and 95.3% (n = 3,801) were CA isolates. Gram-negative organisms totaled 3,607 (90.4%) vs. 9.6% Gram-positive organisms. In CA-UTI, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis constituted 66, 11.4, and 5.4%, respectively. HCA-UTI episodes were caused by E. coli (37.8%), K. pneumoniae (14.4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.4%). The susceptibility rates of E. coli to ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), nitrofurantoin and ceftriaxone in HCA and CA isolates were 53.3 and 74.1%, 42.2 and 62.7%, 32.5 and 97.0%, and 62.3 and 92.7%, respectively. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production was detected in 8.1 and 7.4% isolates, respectively, of CA and HCA isolates of E. coli. CA isolates of K. pneumoniae were more susceptible to TMP-SMX (89.2 vs. 60.4%), ciprofloxacin (92.6 vs. 67.9%) and cefuroxime (93.8 vs. 24.5%) than HCA isolates. The susceptibility of HCA and CA isolates of E. faecalis to penicillin G and nitrofurantoin were 34.8 and 80%, and 78.3 and 93.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, antimicrobial resistance is high to commonly used oral agents, rendering them inappropriate for empirical use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infections in a Saudi Arabian Hospital

Al‐Tawfiq¹,

Anani

2009

Chemotherapy

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“…Nosocomial UTI, almost always complicated, are caused by a wide range of pathogens, most frequently E. coli (33.5%) and other Enterobacteriaceae such as Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter spp. (20.7%), but also enterococci (22.7%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.9%) and nonfermenters such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.9%) are isolated from hospitalized patients [4,5]. The characteristics of an antimicrobial agent to be used for the treatment of UTI should include: (1) activity against those most anticipated uropathogens; (2) activity at the site of infection, predominantly the urine, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Pharmacokinetics and Bactericidal Activity of Finafloxacin (200 and 800 mg) in Healthy Volunteers Receiving a Single Oral Dose

Wagenlehner

Wagenlehner²,

Blenk³

et al. 2011

Chemotherapy

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Background: Finafloxacin is a novel 8-cyano-fluoroquinolone under investigation for treatment of urinary tract infection. Methods: Urinary concentrations and urinary bactericidal titers (UBT) of finafloxacin 200- and 800-mg single doses in 6 healthy volunteers were measured up to 48 h. UBT were determined for a reference strain and 9 selected clinical uropathogens at the pH of native, acidified (pH 5.5) and alkalinized (pH 8.0) urine. Results: The mean maximum urine concentrations for 200 and 800 mg finafloxacin were 69.3 mg/l (0–2 h) and 150 mg/l (4–8 h). Median UBT were between 0 and 1:>2,048 and were in general agreement with minimal inhibitory concentrations of strains and urinary pH values. UBT in alkaline urine were significantly lower than those in native or acidic urine, except for Enterococcus faecalis.Conclusions: Finafloxacin exhibited significant bactericidal activity against susceptible uropathogens. The urinary bactericidal activity of finafloxacin was enhanced in acidic urine and significantly lower in alkaline urine.

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“…The most widely used group II fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) exhibit activity mainly against Gram-negative bacteria. Recently, group III (levofloxacin) and group IV (moxifloxacin) fluoroquinolones, which possess an improved activity against Grampositive pathogens while maintaining similar activity against many Gram-negative bacteria, increasingly have been used (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin in Intensive Care Unit Patients Who Have Acute Renal Failure and Undergo Extended Daily Dialysis

Czock¹,

Hüsig-Linde²,

Langhoff³

et al. 2006

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Extended daily dialysis (EDD) is increasingly popular in the treatment of acute renal failure (ARF). EDD could remove drugs to a much different degree compared with intermittent standard hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapies; however, there are only scarce data on how EDD influences the pharmacokinetics of frequently used drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of two quinolone antibiotics in patients who had anuric ARF and were being treated with EDD. Adult patients who were in the intensive care unit at a tertiary care university hospital and receiving moxifloxacin (n ‫؍‬ 10) or levofloxacin (n ‫؍‬ 5) therapy were included. The antibiotics were administered intravenously 8 h (400 mg of moxifloxacin) or 12 h (500 mg of levofloxacin) before EDD to study pharmacokinetics off and on EDD. Treatment lasted 8 h; blood and dialysate flow rates were 160 ml/min. In addition to standard pharmacokinetic parameters, the total dialysate concentration of both drugs was measured using a technically simple single-pass batch dialysis system for EDD. Moxifloxacin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients who had ARF and were undergoing EDD were similar to those in healthy subjects without renal impairment. Levofloxacin, although removed by EDD, had a lower total clearance compared with healthy subjects. According to these findings, anuric critically ill patients who are undergoing EDD should be treated with the standard dosage of moxifloxacin (400 mg/d intravenously). The levofloxacin dosage, however, should be reduced according to the intensity of renal replacement therapy.

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In vitro Activity of Enoxacin versus Ciprofloxacin, Fleroxacin, Lomefloxacin, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, and Rufloxacin against Uropathogens

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infections in a Saudi Arabian Hospital

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infections in a Saudi Arabian Hospital

Urinary Pharmacokinetics and Bactericidal Activity of Finafloxacin (200 and 800 mg) in Healthy Volunteers Receiving a Single Oral Dose

Pharmacokinetics of Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin in Intensive Care Unit Patients Who Have Acute Renal Failure and Undergo Extended Daily Dialysis

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