In vitro activity of deferoxamine against Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract

Deferoxamine (DFO), an FDA-approved iron chelator used for treatment of iron poisoning, affects bacteria as iron availability is intimately connected with growth and several virulence determinants. However, little is known about the effect on oral pathogens. In this study, the effect of DFO on Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontopathogen which has an essential growth requirement for hemin (Fe(3+)-protoporphyrin IX), was evaluated. The viability of P. gingivalis W83 was not affected by 0.06-0.24 mM DFO, whereas the doubling time of the bacterium was considerably prolonged by DFO. The inhibitory effect was evident at earlier stages of growth and reduced by supplemental iron. UV-visible spectra using the pigments from P. gingivalis cells grown on blood agar showed that DFO inhibited μ-oxo bisheme formation by the bacterium. DFO decreased accumulation and energy-driven uptake of hemin by P. gingivalis. Antibacterial effect of H(2)O(2) and metronidazole against P. gingivalis increased in the presence of DFO. Collectively, DFO is effective for hemin deprivation in P. gingivalis suppressing the growth and increasing the susceptibility of the bacterium to other antimicrobial agents such as H(2)O(2) and metronidazole. Further experiments are necessary to show that DFO may be used as a therapeutic agent for periodontal disease.

L‐mimosine increases the production of vascular endothelial growth factor in human tooth slice organ culture model

“…In addition, interleukins and VEGF are both involved in angiogenesis, which is part of regeneration and inflammation (Artese et al 2002, Chu et al 2004, El Karim et al 2009, Soden et al 2009). However, prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors were shown to have antimicrobial activity in addition to their effect on the cells of the pulp and may thereby help to remedy pulp inflammation (Moon et al 2011).…”

“…These results are in line with studies performed with dental pulp-derived cells and periodontal fibroblasts (Agis et al , M€ uller et al 2012). However, prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors were shown to have antimicrobial activity in addition to their effect on the cells of the pulp and may thereby help to remedy pulp inflammation (Moon et al 2011). Recently, inhibition of prolyl hydroxylases has been shown to downregulate IL-1 signalling (Bartels et al 2013, Scholz et al 2013.…”

Iron Pathways and Iron Chelation Approaches in Viral, Microbial, and Fungal Infections

“…Subgingival plaque P. gingivalis could be effectively inhibited in its growth rate and adhesiveness by the iron chelator, DFO, by reducing its ability to accumulate hemin, Fe 3+ -protoporphyrin IX, a virulence factor [ 136 ]. The effect of iron chelating agents were also investigated on P. intermedia , another Gram-negative microbe present in periodontal lesions [ 137 ].…”

Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of extracts of Lippia alba (Mill). NE Brown

“…Due to its popularity and the scarcity of data on the antibacterial activity of L. alba against oral bacteria, this study aimed to analyze the inhibitory activity against bacterial strains colonizing the oral environment, in vitro studies have been realized with oral monocultures to evaluate the effects of various substances (Moon et al, 2011). Thus, we sought to contribute to the body of research on herbal medicines against oral microbiota, as there are no reports on the literature of activity from the decoction and infusion of L. alba against oral microorganisms.…”