In vitro activities of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile bark fractions against Oral Bacteria, Glucosyltransferase and as antioxidant

Abstract

Background Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common chronic infectious oral diseases in the world. Acacia nilotica was commonly known in Sudan as Garad or Sunt has a wide range of medicinal uses. In the present study, antibacterial activity of oral bacteria (Streptococcus sobrinus and Porphyromonas gingivalis), inhibitory activity against glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme and antioxidant activity were assayed for methanolic crude extract of A. nilotica bark and its fractions. Methods Methanoilc crude extract of A. nilotica bark was applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column and eluted with methanol, aqueous methanol, and finally aqueous acetone to obtain four fractions (Fr1- Fr4). Furthermore, the crude extract and fractions were subjected to analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crude extract and its fractions were assayed for antibacterial activity against S. sobrinus and P. gingivalis using a microplate dilution assay method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as GTF inhibition and antioxidant activity using ABTS radical scavenging method. Results Fractions (Fr1 and Fr2) exhibited MIC values of 0.3 mg/ml against the P. gingivalis. Additionally, Fr2 displayed MBC value of 1 mg/ml against two types of bacteria. Fr4 showed an especially potent GTF inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 3.9 μg/ml. Fr1 displayed the best antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1.8 μg/ml. The main compound in Fr1 was identified as gallic acid, and Fr2 was mostly a mixture of gallic acid and methyl gallate. Conclusions The results obtained in this study provide some scientific rationale and justify the use of this plant for the treatment of dental diseases in traditional medicine. A. nilotica bark, besides their antibacterial potentiality and GTF inhibitory activity, it may be used as adjuvant antioxidants in mouthwashes. Further studies in the future are required to identify the rest of the active compounds.

Polyphenolics with Strong Antioxidant Activity from Acacia nilotica Ameliorate Some Biochemical Signs of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Mice

“…We evaluated the ability of ANPP to scavenge hydroxyl radical generated in a non-enzymatic system and found that ANPP can significantly scavenge free radical in a dose dependent manner than the standard catechin ( Figure 2 ). The radical scavenging activity of ANPP was found to be higher than the other extracts of this plant reported earlier [ 31 , 34 , 35 ]. Our result revealed that ANPP is a strong radical scavenger that may provide protection against free radicals induced by arsenic.…”

“…In this study we have been able to isolate a large content of polyphenols (phenolics and flavonoids) ANPP from the plant pods through extraction with methanol followed by chromatography with diaion resin ( Table 1 ). Interestingly, the content of flavonoids in ANPP was much higher than any other extracts reported earlier from this plant [ 31 , 34 , 35 ]. The presence of high content of polyphenolics suggests that ANPP might have potential antioxidant activity.…”

“…Previous studies have shown the antioxidant activity of the A. nilotica extracts [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant potential of ANPP in several in vitro models such as DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging, total antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition.…”

“…Traditionally, the plant has been used for centuries to treat diarrhea, fever, tuberculosis and toothache [ 29 , 30 ]. The plant is reported to exhibit various pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-platelet and anti-carcinogenic activities [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Phytochemical investigation demonstrated that A. nilotica pod is a potential source of polyphenols having antioxidant activity.…”

Phytochemical screening of Acacia nilotica extract: an in vitro study

“…7 A number of medicinal properties have acute diarrhoea. 8 The bark of plant is used extensively for colds, bronchitis, diarrhea, bleeding piles and leukoderma. 9 Pods and tender leaves are given to treat diarrhea and are also considered in folk medicine to treat diabetes mellitus.…”