In vitro acaricidal activity of Crescentia cujete L. fruit pulp against Rhipicephalus microplus

Abstract

Cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) is an important constraint on livestock production, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. Synthetic acaricides are the primary method of control this thick. Resistance of R. microplus to synthetic acaricides has given rise to the need of new scientific investigations on alternative ways to control it. The objective of this work was to conduct a chemical investigation of Crescentia cujete L. fruit pulp and to evaluate the acaricide effect on R. microplus larvae of extracts, fractions, and isolated substances from this species. Crescentia cujete is a Bignoniaceae and it is characteristic of tropical climates. Its most distinctive feature is its fruit, which is spherical and gourd-like, with a hard woody shell and gelatinous pulp. The fruit pulp of C. cujete was extracted with ethanol by maceration yielding an extract and a residue. The extract was partitioned giving an ethyl acetate phase (EAF) that was fractionated by chromatographic procedures yielding cinnamic acid and benzoic acid. The remained botanic material from the ethanol extraction was further and successively extracted with ethyl ether and methanol under reflux. The acaricide effect of all extracts and fractions was evaluated against R. microplus using the larval packet test. The best result was observed for the EAF that caused 100% of mortality when a 10% solution was used and with LC of 5.9%. Cinnamic acid was also tested showing 63.0% of mortality with LC of 6.6% at the same concentrations and time of the experiment. The data obtained in this study provides information related to the chemical nature and the acaricide activity of the C. cujete epicarp that has not been previously reported. This study shows that the ethyl acetate phase of the ethanol extract of C. cujete fruit pulp is a potential alternative control for R. microplus and its activity is in part associated to cinnamic acid, its major compound.

A Review of the Phytochemistry, Ethnobotany, Toxicology, and Pharmacological Potentials of Crescentia cujete L. (Bignoniaceae)

“…Acaricidal. Pereira et al [29] evaluated the acaricidal effect of fruit of C. cujete (crude ethanol, methanol extract, ethyl acetate, and ethyl ether fractions) on Rhipicephalus microplus strains using adult immersion test (AIT) and larval packed test (LPT). e results revealed that all the extracts and fractions resulted in <20% death of the larvae at a 10% w/v concentration, except the ethyl acetate fraction, which potentiated 100% mortality, thus, translating to an LC 50 of 5.9% and between 5.6 and 6.2% at LC 95% (95% confidence limit).…”

A (Re)construção Dos Saberes: Ultrapassando as Barreiras Da Linha Abissal No Ensino De Ciências

“…No qual foi demonstrado através de ensaios biológicos que diferentes extratos, obtidos da polpa da fruta de C. cujete, são potenciais controles alternativos contra T. verrucosum e R. microplus (ENRIQUE et al, 2008;PEREIRA et al, 2017).…”

Assessment of acaricidal activity of nanoscale ZnO encapsulated piperine formulation against Rhipicephalus microplus

“…However, chemical control is the most successful strategy to control animal tick infestations throughout the globe. Wide spread and indiscriminate use of chemical acaricidal compounds has led to the development of resistance in ticks [7]. The use of chemical acaricides also has serious drawbacks like environmental contamination and drug residues in milk and meat products [8].…”