In vitro absorption of metal powders through intact and damaged human skin

Filon, Francesca Larese; D’Agostin, Flavia; Crosera, Matteo; Adami, Gianpiero; Bovenzi, Massimo; Maina, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2009.01.015

Cited by 82 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Small metal ions have been shown to penetrate the skin111240414243444546. Our study is the first to show that fine structures within the SC absorb or repel small metal ions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The stratum corneum comprises three layers with distinct metal-ion barrier properties

Kubo

Ishizaki

Kawasaki

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost barrier of mammalian bodies, consists of layers of cornified keratinocytes with intercellular spaces sealed with lipids. The insolubility of the SC has hampered in-depth analysis, and the SC has been considered a homogeneous barrier. Here, we applied time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to demonstrate that the SC consists of three layers with distinct properties. Arginine, a major component of filaggrin-derived natural moisturizing factors, was concentrated in the middle layer, suggesting that this layer functions in skin hydration. Topical application of metal ions revealed that the outer layer allowed their passive influx and efflux, while the middle and lower layers exhibited distinct barrier properties, depending on the metal tested. Notably, filaggrin deficiency abrogated the lower layer barrier, allowing specific metal ions to permeate viable layers. These findings elucidate the multi-layered barrier function of the SC and its defects in filaggrin-deficient atopic disease patients.

show abstract

“…Small metal ions have been shown to penetrate the skin111240414243444546. Our study is the first to show that fine structures within the SC absorb or repel small metal ions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The stratum corneum comprises three layers with distinct metal-ion barrier properties

Kubo

Ishizaki

Kawasaki

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A cumulative effect from repeated applications, however, cannot be dismissed. Lead can be absorbed through the skin (Sun et al 2002;Filon et al 2006) and although studies on the dermal absorption of lead in humans are still scarce, damaged skin, pH, and metallic Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 1157 chemical structure are potential factors that could increase percutaneous penetration of metals (Filon et al 2009;Hostynek 2003). In this study, nickel and chromium were found in all samples of lipstick, but both were within the FDA's specifications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…These color additives are exempt from batch certification. A recent study by Filon et al (2009) warned of the necessity of preventing skin contamination when using toxic substances because a small injury to the skin barrier can significantly increase absorption through the skin. The study showed that nickel penetrated damaged skin more easily than chromium powder, which suggests that nickel has a stronger binding capacity to proteins of the skin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metals in lipsticks

Al‐Saleh

Al-Enazi

2011

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cosmetics still retain their glittering appeal, but public concern about their toxicity has become a hot issue. Trace amounts of toxic metals can be either intentionally added to cosmetics or present as impurities in the raw materials. We therefore assessed the levels of lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, mercury, antimony, and arsenic in 14 brands of lipstick (28 samples) that are widely available in local Saudi markets. This study found that the levels of all metals were generally lower than the specifications of the US Food and Drug Administration for metallic impurities in color additives used in cosmetics. Only one brand of lipstick exceeded the specifications, containing levels of arsenic higher than 3 ppm. Also, the levels of nickel and chromium contents in 10 and 4 of the 28 lipsticks, respectively, were above 1 ppm, the trigger limit of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Despite the metallic contents in lipsticks being below the acceptable limits for impurities in color additives used in the cosmetic industry, safer limits should be seriously considered, especially for those causing ACD.

show abstract

“…In addition, nickel is a common metal found in accessories frequently used by women [20] and its absorption via intact or damaged skin has been demonstrated [25]. Martin et al [26] assessed the estrogenic potency of metals using the 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) of different metals as determined from dose–response curves performed in MCF-7 cells transiently transfected with the luciferase reporter construct.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated levels of whole blood nickel in a group of Sri Lankan women with endometriosis: a case control study

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundEndometriosis is characterized by the persistence of endometrial tissue in ectopic sites outside the uterine cavity. Presence of nickel, cadmium and lead in ectopic endometrial tissue has been reported previously. While any association between blood levels of nickel and endometriosis is yet to be described in literature, conflicting reports are available with regards to cadmium and lead levels in blood and urine.FindingsIn fifty patients with endometriosis and fifty age-matched controls confirmed by laparoscopy or laparotomy, whole blood samples were collected and digested using supra pure 65% HNO3. Whole blood levels of nickel and lead were measured using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) while cadmium levels were evaluated using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFASS). Women with endometriosis had significantly higher (P=0.016) geometric mean (95% CI) whole blood nickel levels [2.6(1.9-3.3) μg/L] as compared to women without endometriosis [0.8 (0.7-0.9) μg/L]. Whole blood levels of cadmium and lead were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsAlthough women with endometriosis in this study population had higher levels of nickel in whole blood compared to controls, whether nickel could be considered as an aetiological factor in endometriosis remains inconclusive in view of the smaller sample that was evaluated.

show abstract

In vitro absorption of metal powders through intact and damaged human skin

Cited by 82 publications

References 29 publications

The stratum corneum comprises three layers with distinct metal-ion barrier properties

The stratum corneum comprises three layers with distinct metal-ion barrier properties

Trace metals in lipsticks

Elevated levels of whole blood nickel in a group of Sri Lankan women with endometriosis: a case control study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About