The stratum corneum comprises three layers with distinct metal-ion barrier properties

Kubo, Akiharu; Ishizaki, Itsuko; Kawasaki, Hiroshi; Nagao, Keisuke; Ohashi, Yusuke; Amagai, Masayuki

doi:10.1038/srep01731

Cited by 70 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Kubo et al reported that the function of the SC is different in the upper, middle, and deeper regions. 20) They suggested that the structure of the upper part of the SC has some porosity, which is easily penetrated by low molecular weight compounds. C 0 ′ correlated with the concentration of the boundary face of the second phase, so it is important to clarify why the skin penetration of ufenamate in strips 1-6 of the SC was enhanced when ufenamate was applied with liquid vehicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Characteristics of Oily Vehicle on Skin Penetration of Ufenamate

Iino

Fujii

Fujino

et al. 2017

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Skin penetration amounts of a highly lipophilic drug, ufenamate, prepared in four oily vehicles, including white petrolatum (WP), liquid paraffin (LP), isopropyl myristate (IPM), and isocetyl stearate (ICS), were compared. Ufenamate was mixed in each vehicle at 5% and applied at a rate of 2 mg/cm 2 to intact, stripped, and delipidized Yucatan micropig skin. The amounts of ufenamate and IPM in the stratum corneum (SC), epidermis, and dermis were determined. The skin penetration amounts of ufenamate from liquid oils were significantly higher than those from WP; the amounts of ufenamate were in the order WP

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Characteristics of Oily Vehicle on Skin Penetration of Ufenamate

Iino

Fujii

Fujino

et al. 2017

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Filaggrin and its metabolites bind nickel, and it is possible that it also binds other metals and may also be of importance to the penetration and accumulation of amalgam and consequently infl uence the risk of allergy to amalgam. Along this line, the results of a recent study on mice (tails) suggest that the stratum corneum barrier can be weakened against penetration of particular small metal ions, e.g., Cr (chromium) (III), by fi laggrin defi ciency [ 26 ].…”

Section: A Role For Filaggrin In Oral Contact Allergic Lesions?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Filaggrin and the Oral Mucosa

Pedersen

Reibel

2014

Filaggrin

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All areas of the oral mucosa are lined with stratifi ed squamous epithelium; however, marked differences in epithelial differentiation patterns are seen from one area to another. Traditionally, the oral mucosa is divided into lining, masticatory, and specialized types, refl ecting the functions in different areas [ 1 ]. Lining mucosa, supported by lamina propria and submucosa with underlying striated muscle, is nonkeratinized and characterized by being fl exible and distensible in order to accommodate the functions related to speech and manipulating food in the chewing process. Masticatory mucosa, supported by a lamina propria fi rmly attached to the underlying bone, is keratinized and has a rigid surface in order to participate in macerating food and to resist the mechanical friction related to mastication. Specialized mucosa is represented by the dorsal surface of the tongue containing papillae with taste buds and papillae participating in the chewing and swallowing process. The latter papillae are keratinized, whereas most other areas are nonkeratinized.In contrast to skin, hair follicles and sweat glands are not present in the oral mucosa. Sebaceous glands, however, are present in many individuals in the labial and buccal mucosa sometimes presenting clinically as yellow spots (Fordyce's spots). Their presence is not easily explainable, as lubrication of the oral mucosa is taken care of by the salivary glands, which are

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“…Lipid-rich matrix is used for the transdermal delivery (TDD)-intercellular pathway, and it is composed of hydrophilic domain-head of ceramides and lipophilic domain-tail of cermaides. The stratum corneum can be divided into three main layers with different compositions and barrier functions [30]. The layers can be characterized by the concentration of K, Na, ceramides and fillagrin (Figure 3).…”

Section: Stratum Corneum Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Microplasma Drug Delivery

Shimizu¹,

Krištof²

2018

Plasma Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Applications

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There are several techniques to perform drug delivery. One of the newest methods of drug delivery through the skin is the application of plasma. Reactive species generated by plasma can change the chemical composition of the skin, change the structure and extract lipids of the lipid barrier, create pores in or etch the surface of the skin. These changes have an influence on the barrier function of the skin which can be decreased. The main barrier of the skin is called stratum corneum. The structure and composition of the stratum corneum and function of the components is described. Possible interaction of plasma particles with skin is presented and compared with interaction of plasma species with carbon or hydrocarbon surfaces. Active species which can effectively interact with lipid molecules is introduced. Hydrophilic drugs and drugs with high molecular weight can penetrate very difficult through the skin or cannot penetrate the skin at all. As a model, a drug, Cyclosporine A, was studied. Cyclosporine A is a lipophilic drug with a molecular weight of 1203 Da which is used during and after organ transplantation to prevent rejection. The Hairless Yucatan micropig was used to simulate human skin. A film electrode was used to generate plasma that was used for skin treatment. An AC voltage (V 0-p = 0.6-1.5 kV, 25 kHz) was applied with flowing gas (5 L/min). The barrier function of the skin was evaluated by a Franz cell experiment and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for a particular drug. An effective amount of drug in human body was determined by pharmacokinetic model.

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The stratum corneum comprises three layers with distinct metal-ion barrier properties

Cited by 70 publications

References 50 publications

Influence of Characteristics of Oily Vehicle on Skin Penetration of Ufenamate

Influence of Characteristics of Oily Vehicle on Skin Penetration of Ufenamate

Filaggrin and the Oral Mucosa

Microplasma Drug Delivery

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