In utero heat stress alters the postnatal innate immune response of pigs

Johnson, Jay S; Maskal, Jacob M; Duttlinger, Alan W; Kpodo, Kouassi R; McConn, Betty R.; Byrd, Christopher J; Richert, B. T.; Marchant‐Forde, Jeremy N.; Lay, D. C.; Perry, Shelbi D; Lucy, M.C.; Safranski, T. J.

doi:10.1093/jas/skaa356

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, Collier et al [ 13 ] showed that the cumulative Scb-induced immune-neuroendocrine LPS response of delayed cortisol and oxidative burst might function to facilitate short-term pathogen clearance. Factors such as environmental stressors, husbandry practices, and antigenic exposures of sows may negatively affect the early development of their progeny’s immune system [ 4 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Since blood samples were taken prior to nursing, these data support that it is feasible to modulate the stress response of the progeny in utero, even late in gestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii during Late-Gestation through Lactation Differentially Modulated Immune Status and Stress Responsiveness of the Progeny to Farrowing and Weaning Stressors

Salak‐Johnson

Reddout

Hernandez

et al. 2022

Animals

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The study aimed to investigate and characterize the maternal effects of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boularddii (Scb) to sows from late-gestation through lactation on progeny cortisol, immune status, and stress responsiveness from birth to 14 days post-weaning. Eighty-four piglets were born to sows fed control (CON) or probiotic (PRO) boluses twice daily for 59 days. Blood samples were obtained at birth and 24 h later to assess prenatal effects; 7, 14, and 21 day-of-age to assess potential developmental effects; and at 24 h, 7, and 14 days post-weaning to assess the effects of weaning stress on immune and cortisol responses. Pigs born to PRO sows had less robust cortisol response and enhanced immune parameters at birth and 24 h later, indicating less stress. In response to weaning, pigs born to and nursed by PRO sows displayed unique cortisol and immune profiles than CON pigs. These results indicate that feeding sows Scb probiotics during late gestation reduces stress responsiveness to farrowing stress while increasing immune cell populations. Pigs nursed by PRO sows had a more robust initial cortisol response and enhanced neutrophil function and B-cell lymphocyte proliferation in response to weaning stress. These data imply it may be possible to maternally alter immune and stress responses in utero and during suckling in the short-term and up to 14 days post-weaning. However, more research is needed to optimize this strategy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii during Late-Gestation through Lactation Differentially Modulated Immune Status and Stress Responsiveness of the Progeny to Farrowing and Weaning Stressors

Salak‐Johnson

Reddout

Hernandez

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…For example, TRAF2 is involved in TNF receptor signalling and NFkB activation, a major pathway involved in inflammatory signalling [53], while IRAK1 and TOLLIP play a critical role in signalling transduction of interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) and tolllike receptors during inflammatory regulation [54,55]. The increased inflammatory responses of the fetuses might be a consequence of an altered fetal immune system due to HS exposure in utero [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational heat stress alters skeletal muscle gene expression profiles and vascularity in fetal pigs in a sexually dimorphic manner

Zhao

Green

Marth

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background There is evidence that sow heat stress (HS) during gestation affects fetal development with implications for impaired muscle growth. We have previously demonstrated that maternal HS during early to mid-gestation compromised muscle fibre hyperplasia in developing fetal pigs. Thus, we hypothesised these phenotypic changes are associated with a change in expression of genes regulating fetal skeletal muscle development and metabolism. To test this, at d 60 of gestation, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed on fetal longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle biopsies collected from pregnant gilts that had experienced either thermoneutral control (CON, 20 °C, n = 7 gilts, 18 LD samples) or controlled HS (cyclic 28 to 33 °C, n = 8 gilts, 23 LD samples) conditions for 3 weeks. Results A total of 282 genes were differentially expressed between the HS and CON groups in female LD muscles (false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05), whereas no differentially expressed genes were detected in male LD muscles between the two groups (FDR > 0.05). Gestational HS increased the expression of genes associated with transcription corepressor activity, adipogenesis cascades, negative regulation of angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory signalling in female LD muscles. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a decreased muscle vascularity density in fetuses from HS group for both sexes compared to those from the CON group (P = 0.004). Conclusions These results reveal gilt HS during early to mid-gestation altered gene expression profiles in fetal LD muscles in a sexually dimorphic manner. The molecular responses, including transcription and angiogenesis repressions and enhanced adipogenesis cascades, were exclusively observed in females. However, the associated reductions in muscle vascularity were observed independently of sexes. Collectively this may indicate female fetal pigs are more adaptive to gestational HS in terms of gene expression changes, and/or there may be sexually dimorphic differences with respect to the timing of muscle molecular responses to gestational HS.

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“…Several postnatal physiological processes are impacted by IUHS that may have ties to HPA-axis functionality 1 , 2 . In utero HS in pigs results in more sensitive postnatal innate immune response 36 , hyperinsulinemia 7 , 8 , and greater adipose deposition 37 , all of which are known to be potential outcomes of HPA-axis dysfunction. Specifically, early developmental stress and HPA-axis dysfunction can lead to greater sensitivity of the innate immune system and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in humans 38 , 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the postnatal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response of in utero heat stressed pigs at 10 and 15 weeks of age

Maskal

Brito

Duttlinger

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In utero heat stress alters postnatal physiological and behavioral stress responses in pigs. However, the mechanisms underlying these alterations have not been determined. The study objective was to characterize the postnatal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response of in utero heat-stressed pigs. Pigs were subjected to a dexamethasone suppression test followed by a corticotrophin releasing hormone challenge at 10 and 15 weeks of age. Following the challenge, hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal tissues were collected from all pigs for mRNA abundance analyses. At 10 weeks of age, in utero heat-stressed pigs had a reduced (P < 0.05) cortisol response to the corticotrophin releasing hormone challenge versus controls. Additionally, the cortisol response tended to be greater overall (P < 0.10) in 15 versus 10-week-old pigs in response to the dexamethasone suppression test. The cortisol response tended to be reduced overall (P < 0.10) in 15 versus 10-week-old pigs in response to the corticotrophin releasing hormone challenge. Hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA abundance tended to be greater (P < 0.10) in in utero heat-stressed versus control pigs at 15-weeks of age. In summary, in utero heat stress altered some aspects of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis related to corticotropin releasing hormone signaling, and age influenced this response.

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In utero heat stress alters the postnatal innate immune response of pigs

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Maternal Supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii during Late-Gestation through Lactation Differentially Modulated Immune Status and Stress Responsiveness of the Progeny to Farrowing and Weaning Stressors

Maternal Supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii during Late-Gestation through Lactation Differentially Modulated Immune Status and Stress Responsiveness of the Progeny to Farrowing and Weaning Stressors

Gestational heat stress alters skeletal muscle gene expression profiles and vascularity in fetal pigs in a sexually dimorphic manner

Characterizing the postnatal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response of in utero heat stressed pigs at 10 and 15 weeks of age

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