In-use energy and CO2 emissions impact of a plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicle based on real-world driving

Chen, Yuche; Hu, Kejia; Zhao, Jianyou; Li, G.; Johnson, Jeremiah X.; Zietsman, Josias

doi:10.1007/s13762-017-1458-0

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In another work Plotz et al [ 67 ] indicates that each extension of electric vehicle range by 1 km enables to decrease global emission of CO 2 by 2–3%. Chen et al [ 68 ], have made quite different observations regarding CO 2 emissivity; they indicate that for the vehicles tested during movement or acceleration, CO 2 emissions in their life cycle is higher for hybrid cars than for adequate vehicles powered by petrol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparative Assessment of Effects on the Power System and Environment of Selected Electric Transport Means in Poland

et al. 2021

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Currently, electric vehicles are a rapidly growing alternative to those with combustion engines and can contribute to reduction of CO2 emissions in the transport sector, especially when the energy to power electric motors is predominantly derived from renewable sources. Until now, the comparison of environmental impact and influence of electric transport means on the power systems was not fully addressed in the case of Poland. The purpose of the study is to describe, analyse and assess electric vehicles (EV) operation against performance indicators in Poland, especially the influence of electric transport means (ETM) (electric cars, trams, trolley buses and buses) on power system and environment. The influence on the power system was investigated for the Polish National Powers system using the simulation of different scenarios of loads generated by EV charging. The energy demand of the National Power System and daily load variability indices were determined. Based on the data of ETM powers consumption and emissions of energy production, the emissions of harmful gases per one km and per one person were calculated, as well as the financial outlays for energy necessary to drive 1 km per 1 passenger. To assess and compare the environmental impact of the selected ETM life cycle, the life cycle assessment method was used. The results of environmental impacts were determined for selected assessment methods: CML 2 and IPCC 2013 GWP 100. The functional unit in this study is one selected ETM with a service life of 100,000 km. Comparison of trams, trolley buses, buses and electric passenger cars indicates that most beneficial are electric buses which do not need rails or overhead lines, thus investment costs are lower.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparative Assessment of Effects on the Power System and Environment of Selected Electric Transport Means in Poland

et al. 2021

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“…The average emission rates for CD mode based on inter-state variability in the state average energy mix is shown in Figure 5. Many studies have commented on the role of variability in energy mix with regard to CO 2 emission rates [1,2,4,5,9,10,21,22]. However, there is an absence of data-based on real-world driving related to NO x and PM 2.5 emission rates.…”

Section: Charge Depleting (Cd) and Charge Sustaining (Cs) Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential to lower carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and criteria pollutant emissions and to improve transportation energy efficiency and sustainability [1,2]. Compared to battery electric vehicles (BEVs), some vehicle purchasers prefer PHEVs because they can have lower total ownership cost, depending on the price of gasoline, and have the driving range advantages of conventional vehicles [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although there are numerous studies that quantify PHEV energy consumption and CO 2 emissions rates [1,2,4,5,9,10], few of them are based on real-world data. For example, only one study quantified the real-world energy use and emission rates of pollutants other than CO 2 , including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), and nitrogen oxides (NO x ), using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), of a Toyota Prius hybrid-electric vehicle that had been retrofitted as a PHEV [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in Measured Real-World Operational Energy Use and Emission Rates of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Frey

Zheng

2020

Energies

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Compared to comparably sized conventional light duty gasoline vehicles (CLDGVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) may offer benefits of improved energy economy, reduced emissions, and the flexibility to use electricity as an energy source. PHEVs operate in either charge depleting (CD) or charge sustaining (CS) mode; the engine has the ability to turn on and off; and the engine can have multiple cold starts. A method is demonstrated for quantifying the real-world activity, energy use, and emissions of PHEVs, taking into account these operational characteristics and differences in electricity generation resource mix. A 2013 Toyota Prius plug-in was measured using a portable emission measurement system. Vehicle specific power (VSP) based modal average energy use and emission rates are inferred to assess trends in energy use and emissions with respect to engine load and for comparisons of engine on versus engine off, and cold start versus hot stabilized running. The results show that, compared to CLDGVs, the PHEV operating in CD mode has improved energy efficiency and lower CO2, CO, HC, NOx, and PM2.5 emission rates for a wide range of power generation fuel mixes. However, PHEV energy use and emission rates are highly variable, with periods of relatively high on-road emission rates related to cold starts.

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“…These are universal vehicles designed to produce zero-emission while driving in urban areas, and travel long distances while using the combustion engine. The complex propulsion system helps reduce carbon dioxide emission, in particular in urban areas [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Economic Aspect of Using Different Plug-In Hybrid Driving Techniques in Urban Conditions

et al. 2021

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Plug-in hybrids (PHEV) have become popular due to zero-emission driving, e.g., in urban areas, and using an internal combustion engine on longer distances. Energy consumption by the PHEV depends on many factors which can be either dependent or independent of the driver. The article examines how the driver can use the vehicle’s capabilities to influence its wear. Determining the optimal driving technique, due to the adopted nature of the timetable, is the basic variable that determines the profitability of using a given drive system. Four driving techniques have been selected to determine which one can offer the largest advantages. A vehicle-dedicated application has recorded the drivetrain performance on a predetermined route through an urban area. The analysis of results has demonstrated which of the driving techniques provides measurable effects in terms of reduced energy consumption and the shortest travelling time. The study shows longitudinal acceleration and torque generated by the electric drive. The information included in the study can help any PHEV user reduce the operating cost by applying an appropriate driving technique. The proposed research introduces the possibilities of assessing the influence of the driving style on energy consumption. The innovative side of this research is the observation of stochastic phenomena that are difficult to detect when using approximation modelling.

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In-use energy and CO2 emissions impact of a plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicle based on real-world driving

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

The Comparative Assessment of Effects on the Power System and Environment of Selected Electric Transport Means in Poland

The Comparative Assessment of Effects on the Power System and Environment of Selected Electric Transport Means in Poland

Variability in Measured Real-World Operational Energy Use and Emission Rates of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle

The Economic Aspect of Using Different Plug-In Hybrid Driving Techniques in Urban Conditions

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