In the shadow of the wrinkle: theories

Abstract

As time passes, wrinkles typically appear. These skin depressions that become deeper and deeper draw more and more coarser lines on almost all the visible parts of aging individual's skin. They are indeed the most obvious and maybe disliked signs of skin aging, and thus, preventing and treating them are a major topic for dermo-cosmetic laboratories. However, the cause and occurrence mechanism of these simplistic looking lines are not yet fully understood. Wrinkling is thought to be a complex biophysical process resulting from repeated strains on a progressively, structurally and biochemistry altered aging skin with impaired mechanical properties. Focus is made on the specific histological features of the wrinkle compared to the surrounding aging skin. The numerous age-related changes in human skin that are supposed to be involved in wrinkling are briefly reviewed, and the current theories on wrinkle formation linked to these changes are also discussed.

Biotribology of the ageing skin—Why we should care

“…In young skin, the fibrillar collagen meshwork is made of small thin bundles of tightly packed fibres in the papillary dermis . These bundles are thicker and more spaced in the reticular dermis [91,92] (see Figure 1). Fibroblasts are in a state of mechanical tension through the alignment along collagen fibres, the effect of which promotes a healthy homeostatic state for normal collagen fibre synthesis.…”

Skin Health Promotion Effects of Natural Beta‐Glucan Derived from Cereals and Microorganisms: A Review

“…However, as mouse skin is somehow different from human skin, the innovative model of wrinkling human skin xenograft on severe combined immunodeficiency mice seems to be really promising (Humbert et al ., ). Nevertheless, the cause and occurrence mechanism of the coarser lines on aging individual's skin are not yet fully understood (Humbert et al ., ). Park et al .…”

Cosmetic Devices Based on Active Transdermal Technologies

“…The outermost protein and lipid-rich layer of the epidermis, the SC, prevents water loss from the skin and its temporary removal is targeted by the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry due to it being the primary barrier to the delivery of active agents into and through the skin [2]. Collagen, the primary component of the dermal layer, is responsible for giving the skin its durability and regenerative properties [5], and the deficiency or breakdown of this component can result in skin deformation such as wrinkling and scarring. Active transdermal delivery (technology) targets these structural layers of the skin to deliver cosmeceuticals that would not usually permeate passively to the epidermal or dermal layers through intact skin (or damaged skin, in the case of wrinkles and scarring) typically through the usage of minimally invasive p rocedures.…”