In the name of the people: The populist redefinition of nature conservation in post-crisis Spain

Cortés-Vázquez, Jose A.

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.12.004

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Populists in Spain reframe protected area legislation in terms of private landholder interests in which landowners can elect to protect environments but are not obligated to do so (70). This reframing redefines the environment as a private good in private hands.…”

Section: Representationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Populism and the Environment

Ofstehage

Wolford

Borras³

2022

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

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This review engages with literature on authoritarian populism, focusing specifically on its relationship to the environment. We analyze hybrid combinations of authoritarianism and populism to explore three themes from the literature: environmental governance, social and political representations of nature, and resistance. In the environmental governance section, we analyze how governments have increasingly resorted to populist politics to expand extractivism; certain commodities with national security implications have become key commodities to be protected; and borders, frontiers, and zones of inclusion/exclusion have become flash points. In the social and political representations of nature section, we analyze settler colonialism and sacrifice zones as organizing principles for relations with the environment. In our final section on resistance, we review literature highlighting pushback to authoritarian populism from peasant, indigenous, and worker movements. Variants of populism and authoritarianism are likely to persist amid increasing competition over resources as components of responses to environmental and climate crisis. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 47 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Section: Representationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Populism and the Environment

Ofstehage

Wolford

Borras³

2022

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

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“…One cannot ignore recent political changes across Europe and at the national level, with the more populist and nationalistic tendencies gaining support (Aalberg et al, 2016;Scoones et al, 2018;Borras, 2020). Quite often these populist movements tend toward conservative and rightwing policies, which tend to ignore the importance of conservation values (Cortes-Vazquez, 2020). There has been an increase in ideologies and movements characterizing nature conservation and an ecologically sound lifestyle as being detrimental to the well-being of individuals, and even a threat to the western life style as such (Apostolopoulou and Adams, 2015).…”

Section: Money Creates Problems: Human Monetary Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Money Kills Native Ecosystems: European Crayfish as an Example

et al. 2021

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Native European crayfish conservation was triggered by invasion of crayfish plague disease agent, Aphanomyces astaci, starting 1860s in Northern Italy. Resulting crayfish plague epidemics quickly spread over Continental Europe, then to Finland, Sweden and finally, after running amok around Europe, A. astaci was discovered also in Iberian Peninsula, Norway, Ireland, and United Kingdom in 1970s and 1980s. By that time significant proportion of native crayfish stocks had been lost, and while crayfish plague epidemics were still recorded, also industrialization and waterways construction were causing damage to remaining native crayfish stocks. While alien crayfish introductions, at least Faxonius limosus, already gave rise to first wave of crayfish plague epidemics in late 19th century, later in 1960s it was decided that introductions of alien Pacifastacus leniusculus should be initiated to replace native European crayfish populations. Decisions were based on presumed advantages for fishery, suitable habitat requirements and supposed immunity against A. astaci. Furthermore, conservation of native European crayfish species was sidelined and focus shifted toward alien crayfish stocking routine and consumption. Alien crayfish species introductions resulted in repeated waves of crayfish plague epidemics among remaining native crayfish stocks. It was soon discovered that alien crayfish of North American origin were, as suspected, permanent reservoirs for A. astaci, that some of those alien species were losing their resistance against selected strains of A. astaci and struggled in European aquatic ecosystems. In this article, we introduce numerous motives behind grand mistake of introducing alien crayfish species to Europe and then promoting their stocks instead of focusing on conservation of native crayfish species. We outline how false economical, biological and ecologic assumptions were used to justify a hasty introduction of alien crayfish, which has further devastated native crayfish and also permanently changed European aquatic ecosystems, both with disastrous consequences. Lesson to be learnt is that science-based warnings about alien species damage to native ecosystems and native crayfish must be taken with utmost caution. Protection of native European crayfish should be core issue, not commercial activities. Finally, we summarize main threats and actions needed to protect remaining native freshwater crayfish fauna in Europe.

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“…Yet, as the introduction made clear, extant scholarship has largely overlooked the effects of this specific manifestation of populist pressure on public bureaucracies, and in particular on those public servants whose expert authority is challenged in a climate of populist hostility. Thus, while a Web of Science search conducted in June 2020 on "populism" in combination with "governance" or "bureaucracy" or "public administration" yielded 211 results, there were only fifteen peer-reviewed studies that specifically focused on the impact of populism on governance, bureaucracy or public administration (Andreucci, 2019;Arellano-Gault, 2020;Batory & Svensson, 2019;Borins, 2018;Buijs et al, 2014;Cortez-Vazquez, 2020;Du Gay, 2008;Green, 2019;Haggerty, 2007;Knott, 2019;Meier et al, 2019;Peters & Pierre, 2019;Rockman, 2019;Stoker, 2019;Vogelsang-Coombs, 2007).…”

Section: Populist Pressures and The Challenge Of Anti-elite Rhetoricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enacting Accountability Under Populist Pressures: Theorizing the Relationship Between Anti-Elite Rhetoric and Public Accountability

Wood

Matthews

Overman

et al. 2021

Administration & Society

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While populism challenges the pluralism and technocratic expertise on which public bureaucracies are based, extant scholarship has overlooked its effects on accountability processes. In particular, it neglects the impact of anti-elite rhetoric, characterized by what can be regarded as “emotionalized blame attribution,” on the thinking and behavior of accountability actors. Responding to this gap, this article examines the impact of this distinctive form of populist rhetoric on accountability relationships within the bureaucratic state. It identifies three “stages” whereby these populist pressures challenge accountability relationships, threaten the reputation of accountability actors, and result in alternative accountability practices. In doing so, the article provides a roadmap for assessing the impact of anti-elite rhetoric on accountability actions.

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In the name of the people: The populist redefinition of nature conservation in post-crisis Spain

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Contemporary Populism and the Environment

Contemporary Populism and the Environment

Money Kills Native Ecosystems: European Crayfish as an Example

Enacting Accountability Under Populist Pressures: Theorizing the Relationship Between Anti-Elite Rhetoric and Public Accountability

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