In the IP of the Beholder

Beverly, Robert; Durairajan, Ramakrishnan; Plonka, David; Rohrer, Justin P.

doi:10.1145/3278532.3278559

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…One year later, Li et al [24] describe a similar approach, discovering more than 50 M last hop router addresses through tracerouting non-existent IPv6 addresses in known or suspected customer subnets of ISPs. Lastly, Beverly et al [25] presented their work focussing on IPv6 topology discovery. They develop and analyze strategies to collect new interfaces by efficient TTL-limited probing of target address sets, finding 1.3 M new router interfaces from their single vantage point.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target Acquired? Evaluating Target Generation Algorithms for IPv6

Steger,

Kuang,

Zirngibl

et al. 2023

2023 7th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)

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Internet measurements are a crucial foundation of IPv6-related research. Due to the infeasibility of full address space scans for IPv6 however, those measurements rely on collections of reliably responsive, unbiased addresses, as provided e.g., by the IPv6 Hitlist service. Although used for various use cases, the hitlist provides an unfiltered list of responsive addresses, the hosts behind which can come from a range of different networks and devices, such as web servers, customer-premises equipment (CPE) devices, and Internet infrastructure.In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of tailoring hitlists in accordance with the research goal in question. By using PeeringDB we classify hitlist addresses into six different network categories, uncovering that 42% of hitlist addresses are in ISP networks. Moreover, we show the different behavior of those addresses depending on their respective category, e.g., ISP addresses exhibiting a relatively low lifetime. Furthermore, we analyze different Target Generation Algorithms (TGAs), which are used to increase the coverage of IPv6 measurements by generating new responsive targets for scans. We evaluate their performance under various conditions and find generated addresses to show vastly differing responsiveness levels for different TGAs.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target Acquired? Evaluating Target Generation Algorithms for IPv6

Steger,

Kuang,

Zirngibl

et al. 2023

2023 7th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)

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“…Firstly, the arms of the multi-armed bandit are defined as the input of generic patterns from line 12 in Algorithm 3, which contains similar wildcard counts. Secondly, the reward function representing the feedback of each probing outcome is presented in formula (1), where R t (p) is the reward of choice pattern p in iteration t, S t (p) is the active address count, and A t (p) is the aliased coefficient defined in formula (2).…”

Section: Exploration and Exploitation Of Generic Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Google's statistics [1], the proportion of users accessing Google via IPv6 has consistently increased, reaching 45.17% in October 2023, approximately 3.7 times higher than that of five years ago. In the context of the ongoing rise in IPv6 deployment rate, there is substantial demand for IPv6 Internetscale network surveys provide a better understanding of the real-world dynamics of IPv6 networks, including network topology measurements [2], [3], geolocation [4]- [7], Internet services evaluation [8], [9], and security analysis [10]- [13]. However, unlike IPv4, due to the vast address space of the IPv6 network, it is infeasible to perform exhaustive scans of all addresses [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Accessibility of Multiple Facilities for Affordable Housing Neighborhoods in Harbin, China

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2022

Land

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The spatial mismatch between affordable housing neighborhoods and public services/facilities significantly reduces the well-being of low-income dwellers, which has risen to a typical issue of spatial injustice. Previous studies on accessibility evaluation most focus on a single type of service, lacking empirical studies exploring the integrated spatial accessibility of multiple services for low-income residents. Taking Harbin City in northeast China as an example, this study assessed the spatial accessibility of transit, education, healthcare, shopping, and recreation facilities for affordable housing neighborhoods, using the Gaussian-based 2SFCA method. The pattern of accessibility for each type of facility in Harbin showed obvious spatial differentiation between the urban core and the city periphery, for both affordable housing neighborhoods and other neighborhoods. The sample household survey indicated that low-income households who were generally characterized as elderly, less-educated, under-employed or unemployed had extremely restricted and passive residence choices. In comparison to non-low-income households, the spatial accessibility of higher-level facilities for low-income households was relatively poorer. Particularly, affordable housing neighborhoods had much lower accessibility of subway stations, though more than 97% of low-income respondents living in affordable housing neighborhoods chose to solve the daily trip demand by taking a bus or the subway. With respect to equity-oriented urban planning, more importance should be attached to the spatial accessibility of public services and facilities when planning affordable housing projects for low-income households.

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“…We build upon their approach, but exclusively use publicly available sources in order to make our work reproducible. Recently, Beverly et al analyze the IPv6 topology using large-scale traceroutes, leveraging Gasser et al's public hitlist among other sources [16].…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clusters in the Expanse

Gasser

Scheitle

Foremski

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018

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Network measurements are an important tool in understanding the Internet. Due to the expanse of the IPv6 address space, exhaustive scans as in IPv4 are not possible for IPv6. In recent years, several studies have proposed the use of target lists of IPv6 addresses, called IPv6 hitlists.In this paper, we show that addresses in IPv6 hitlists are heavily clustered. We present novel techniques that allow IPv6 hitlists to be pushed from quantity to quality. We perform a longitudinal active measurement study over 6 months, targeting more than 50 M addresses. We develop a rigorous method to detect aliased prefixes, which identifies 1.5 % of our prefixes as aliased, pertaining to about half of our target addresses. Using entropy clustering, we group the entire hitlist into just 6 distinct addressing schemes. Furthermore, we perform client measurements by leveraging crowdsourcing.To encourage reproducibility in network measurement research and to serve as a starting point for future IPv6 studies, we publish source code, analysis tools, and data.

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In the IP of the Beholder

Cited by 36 publications

References 46 publications

Target Acquired? Evaluating Target Generation Algorithms for IPv6

Target Acquired? Evaluating Target Generation Algorithms for IPv6

Spatial Accessibility of Multiple Facilities for Affordable Housing Neighborhoods in Harbin, China

Clusters in the Expanse

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