In the eyes of the beholder: How experts and novices interpret dynamic stimuli

Abstract

Jarodzka, H., Scheiter, K., Gerjets, P., & Van Gog, T. (2010). In the eyes of the beholder: How experts and novices interpret dynamic stimuli. Learning and Instruction, 20, 146-154. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2009.02.019Tasks with a complex, dynamic visual component require not only the acquisition of conceptual/procedural but also of perceptual/attentional skills. This study examined expertise differences in perceiving and interpreting complex, dynamic visual stimuli on a performance and on a process level, including perceptual and conceptual strategies. Performance, eye movement, and verbal report data were obtained from seven experts and 14 novices. Results show that experts compared to novices attend more to relevant aspects of the stimulus, use more heterogeneous task approaches, and use knowledge-based shortcuts. Implications for instructional design for the acquisition of perceptual skills are discussed

Promoting Argumentation Competence: Extending from First- to Second-Order Scaffolding Through Adaptive Fading

“…The second approach involves a two-step expert modeling procedure similar to Jarodzka et al's eye movement modeling examples known as EMMEs (see Jarodzka et al 2010;Van Gog et al 2009). In this approach, first expert argumentation schemas are collected, here with respect to the argumentation used in a specific case.…”

Conveying clinical reasoning based on visual observation via eye-movement modelling examples

“…These studies showed that experts possess sophisticated visual observation skills which enable them to visually search relevant features of a stimulus within irrelevant features and to interpret these observations correctly (e.g., Antes and Kristjanson 1991;Charness et al 2001;Jarodzka et al 2010a; Underwood et al 2003). Novices, however, get easily distracted by salient, but potentially irrelevant, elements of a visual stimulus, whilst missing relevant information (Jarodzka et al 2010a;Lowe 1999). …”

“…Although no studies have yet investigated which differences in visual observation skills exist between experts and novices when processing dynamic stimuli in the medical domain such as patient video cases, expertise differences in visual observation skills have been shown for dynamic, realistic stimuli in other domains, such as biological classification of motion patterns (Jarodzka et al 2010a) or car driving (Underwood et al 2003).…”

Prospects and Pitfalls in Combining Eye Tracking Data and Verbal Reports

“…An alternative approach situated in the context of fish locomotion can be seen in Jarodzka, Scheiter, Gerjets, and van Gog (2010). Balslev et al (2012) used think-aloud in the context of viewing films depicting infants with seizures and conditions resembling seizures.…”