In target areas where human mosquito-borne diseases are diagnosed, the inclusion of the pre-adult mosquito aquatic niches parameters will improve the integrated mosquito control program

Abstract

In human communities inhabiting areas–such as West Bengal- India–where perpetuate the pre-imago & adult developmental stages of mosquitoes; many infectious diseases are still diagnosed such as Dengue, Malaria and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome. The control of the aquatic developmental stages is one of the easiest way to prevent the emergence of adults—the blood feeding adult females being thus prevented to sample their blood meal and to lay their eggs in the aquatic milieu where develop the aquatic pre-imaginal developmental stages. Moreover, reducing the adult population size also the probability of for the blood feeding adult female mosquitoes to act as hosts and vectors of the arboviruses such as dengue virus & Japanese encephalitis virus as well as of Plasmodium . Several environmental factors including water quality parameters are responsible for the selection of oviposition sites by the female mosquitoes. In our study, larval densities of three important mosquitoes ( Aedes / A . albopictus , Anopheles / An . stephensi and Culex / C . vishnui ) were measured and water qualities of their habitat i.e. pH, Specific Conductance, Dissolved Oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total alkalinity (T alk ), Hardness, Nitrate nitrogen and Ammonia nitrogen were analyzed in 2017 and 2018 in many districts of West Bengal where humans beings are suffering from arboviruses and /or malaria. Whereas we have found positive correlation of density of C. vishnui and A . albopictus with the water factors except Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and T alk , for An . stephensi all these factors except pH, COD and T alk have positive correlation. Hardness of the water shows positive correlation with the density of An . stephensi and C . vishnui but negative correlation with density of A . albopictus . Contour plot analysis demonstrates that occurrence of each mosquito species lies in between specific range of water factors. Inter- correlation analysis revealed that mosquitoes were negatively correlated with each other. A positive correlation of the water quality parameters and larval density, over two successive years, was also noticed. In conclusion, the increasing level of pollution due to industrial and other irresponsible waste management system which changes the water quality parameters may also influence mosquito population.

Combined effect of physico-chemical and microbial quality of breeding habitat water on oviposition of malarial vector Anopheles subpictus

“…Similar type of association was reported in An. stephensi mosquitoes from some rural and urban areas of West Bengal [64] although positive correlation was also documented in some areas of south-eastern Chennai [21].…”

“…subpictus mosquitoes in the study areas were found to prefer clear water with high dissolved oxygen (>5 mg/L) content for egg laying and showed significant positive correlation with amount of dissolved oxygen of habitat water. Several earlier workers have reported that most of the anopheline mosquito species favoured non-polluted water-bodies holding high dissolved oxygen content for egg laying and larval survival [12,60,64,65], although contrasting results were documented in some regions of Pakistan as an uncommon event [13]. The preference for clear water is due to lack of siphon tube in anopheline larvae [66].…”

An insight of anopheline larvicidal mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum (TaspSKGN2)

“…Of late/recently the world is going through an extremely challenging and tough period as it is severely affected by several deadly mosquito borne diseases like Malaria, Dengue, Chikunguniya, etc. A thorough knowledge of the physico-chemical factors, which influence mosquito habitat on larval production, and a good understanding of the biological and ecological aspects of mosquito vector species are of great importance in the case of formulating effective plan and careful implementation of integrated vector control strategies by environmental management 1 . Recently Ghosh et al 1 reported that the adult mosquito aquatic niches parameters have a great role for the integrated mosquito control programme.…”

“…A thorough knowledge of the physico-chemical factors, which influence mosquito habitat on larval production, and a good understanding of the biological and ecological aspects of mosquito vector species are of great importance in the case of formulating effective plan and careful implementation of integrated vector control strategies by environmental management 1 . Recently Ghosh et al 1 reported that the adult mosquito aquatic niches parameters have a great role for the integrated mosquito control programme. On the other hand, chemical insecticides are randomly used to keep mosquitoes in control, but they have hazardous effects on environment and human health.…”

Title page An insight of anopheline larvicidal mechanism by a novel entomopathogen – Trichoderma asperellum (TaspSKGN2)

“…Of late/recently the world is going through an extremely challenging and tough period as it is severely affected by several deadly mosquito borne diseases like Malaria, Dengue, Chikunguniya, etc. A thorough knowledge of the physico-chemical factors, which in uence mosquito habitat on larval production, and a good understanding of the biological and ecological aspects of mosquito vector species are of great importance in the case of formulating effective plan and careful implementation of integrated vector control strategies by environmental management 1 . Recently Ghosh et al 1 reported that there-adult mosquito aquatic niches parameters have a great role for the integrated mosquito control programme On the other hand, chemical insecticides are randomly used to keep mosquitoes in control, but they have hazardous effects on environment and human health.…”