In some professions, women have become well represented, yet gender bias persists—Perpetuated by those who think it is not happening

Begeny, Christopher T.; Ryan, Michelle K.; Moss‐Racusin, Corinne A.; Ravetz, Gudrun

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba7814

Cited by 139 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Overall, men appeared to be less aware than women about gender inequality, although nearly half of male respondents did indicate they believed it existed. This observation is consistent with previous findings regarding how men and women perceive persistent biases within the profession 1,10 . The subjective line of questioning delineated in Figure 5 regarding the impact of one's own gender on salary shows that some men are aware they may experience an advantage, and over one‐third of women suspect they are at some disadvantage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Work, life, and the gender effect: Perspectives of ACVIM Diplomates in 2017. Part 1—Specialty demographics and measures of professional achievement

Morello

Colopy

Chun

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Barriers to achieving work-life balance, as well as gender-based differences, exist in the male-dominated surgical specialty in veterinary medicine. Similar information does not exist for the more feminized American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM). Hypothesis/Objectives: To provide data on the professional and personal lives of Diplomates of the ACVIM so as to help define the state of the specialty, including genderrelated differences, and identify areas requiring intervention to improve work-life balance. Sample: A total of 896 surveys (781 completed) of Diplomates of the ACVIM, including cardiology, large animal internal medicine, neurology, oncology, and small animal internal medicine. Methods: An 82-item online survey was distributed in February 2017 to ACVIM Diplomates via their respective ACVIM listserv. Participation was voluntary. Results: Thirty percent of the total ACVIM registered membership responded and 26% completed surveys; 25% were men and 75% were women. Specialists in academia worked significantly more hours, with larger numbers of diplomates per specialty section, and made less money compared with those in private practice. Women were less likely to report full-time employment, practice ownership, or higher academic rank, and reported 20% lower income overall (after adjustment for relevant factors) as compared with men. Men and women differed in their subjective assessment of the effect of gender in the workplace. Eighty-three percent of respondents were somewhat satisfied or better with their career. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Specialization in the ACVIM is a satisfying and potentially profitable career. However, despite a highly feminized workforce, significant gender-related imbalances are evident.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Work, life, and the gender effect: Perspectives of ACVIM Diplomates in 2017. Part 1—Specialty demographics and measures of professional achievement

Morello

Colopy

Chun

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Institutions can reduce bias by ensuring the evaluation process is holistic. Acknowledging that gender bias exists in the pandemic is crucial to minimizing its impact; evaluators who think that bias is not happening in their fields are the key drivers of it (Begeny, Ryan, Moss-Racusin, & Ravetz, 2020). Candidates should be given the opportunity to provide a written narrative, along with multiple forms of evidence (Htun, 2020).…”

Section: Hiring and Evaluatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pandemic Penalty: The gendered effects of COVID-19 on scientific productivity

King¹,

Frederickson²

2020

Preprint

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Academia provides a valuable case study for evaluating the effects of social forces on workplace productivity, using a concrete measure of output: the scholarly paper. Many academics -- especially women -- have experienced unprecedented challenges to scholarly productivity with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we analyze the gender composition of over 450,000 authorships of scholarly preprints in the preprint repositories arXiv and bioRxiv from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis reveals that the underrepresentation of women scientists in the prestige last authorship position necessary for retention and promotion is only getting more inequitable. We find differences between the arXiv and bioRxiv repositories in how gender affects first, middle, and sole authorship submission rates before and during the pandemic. In a second contribution, we review existing research and theory that could explain the mechanisms behind this widening gender gap in productivity during COVID-19. Finally, we aggregate recommendations for institutional change that could help ameliorate challenges to women's productivity during the pandemic and beyond.

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“…Individuals who score high in sexism typically deny that women are on the receiving end of discrimination. This lack of awareness of gender discrimination actually contributes to gender discrimination (Begeny et al 2020). Thus, if individuals high in modern sexism hold negative stereotypes against social groups besides women, this has troubling implications for social justice and economic opportunities for racial, ethnic, religious, and sexual orientation minorities.…”

Section: Interrelations Among Measures Of Stereotypes: Modern Sexismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between College Students’ Conservatism and Negative Stereotypes about Social Groups

Beyer

2020

Social Sciences

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This study examined the interrelations among political attitudes and negative stereotypes in U.S. undergraduates. Participants answered questions measuring conservatism, social dominance orientation, Global Belief in a Just World, and religiosity. This research employed two measures of stereotypes: modern sexism and feelings about 15 social groups. It was hypothesized that conservatives would show more evidence of negative stereotypes than liberals would. The study revealed that indeed conservatives show stronger evidence of negative stereotypes, but that liberals also harbor some biases. Importantly, the social groups against whom conservatives and liberals are stereotyped differed greatly. Conservatives showed considerably more negative stereotypes against racial and religious minorities, and particularly against those who do not identify with the cis-gender, heterosexual norm. Thus, the targets of conservatives’ stereotypes were groups that have traditionally been subject to discrimination. Liberals held stronger stereotypes against groups that are more politically powerful, such as Caucasians and Christians.

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In some professions, women have become well represented, yet gender bias persists—Perpetuated by those who think it is not happening

Cited by 139 publications

References 44 publications

Work, life, and the gender effect: Perspectives of ACVIM Diplomates in 2017. Part 1—Specialty demographics and measures of professional achievement

Work, life, and the gender effect: Perspectives of ACVIM Diplomates in 2017. Part 1—Specialty demographics and measures of professional achievement

The Pandemic Penalty: The gendered effects of COVID-19 on scientific productivity

Relation between College Students’ Conservatism and Negative Stereotypes about Social Groups

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