In situ ruminal degradation characteristics of dry matter and crude protein from dried corn, high-protein corn, and wheat distillers grains

Abstract

BackgroundThe continuing growth of the ethanol industry has generated large amounts of various distillers grains co-products. These are characterized by a wide variation in chemical composition and ruminal degradability. Therefore, their precise formulation in the ruminant diet requires the systematic evaluation of their degradation profiles in the rumen.MethodsThree distillers grains plus soluble co-products (DDGS) namely, corn DDGS, high-protein corn DDGS (HP-DDGS), and wheat DDGS, were subjected to an in situ trial to determine the degradation kinetics of the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). Soybean meal (SBM), a feed with highly degradable protein in the rumen, was included as the fourth feed. The four feeds were incubated in duplicate at each time point in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated Hanwoo cattle for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h.ResultsWheat DDGS had the highest filterable and soluble A fraction of its DM (37.2 %), but the lowest degradable B (49.5 %; P < 0.001) and an undegradable C fraction (13.3 %; P < 0.001). The filterable and soluble A fraction of CP was greatest with wheat DDGS, intermediate with corn DDGS, and lowest with HP-DDGS and SBM; however, the undegradable C fraction of CP was the greatest with HP-DDGS (41.2 %), intermediate with corn DDGS (2.7 %), and lowest with wheat DDGS and SMB (average 4.3 %). The degradation rate of degradable B fraction (% h−1) was ranked from highest to lowest as follows for 1) DM: SBM (13.3), wheat DDGS (9.1), and corn DDGS and HP-DDGS (average 5.2); 2) CP: SBM (17.6), wheat DDGS (11.6), and corn DDGS and HP-DDGS (average 4.4). The in situ effective degradability of CP, assuming a passage rate of 0.06 h−1, was the highest (P < 0.001) for SBM (73.9 %) and wheat DDGS (71.2 %), intermediate for corn DDGS (42.5 %), and the lowest for HP-DDGS (28.6 %), which suggests that corn DDGS and HP-DDGS are a good source of undegraded intake protein for ruminants.ConclusionsThis study provided a comparative estimate of ruminal DM and CP degradation characteristics for three DDGS co-products and SBM, which might be useful for their inclusion in the diet according to the ruminally undegraded to degraded intake protein ratio.

A meta-analysis on in situ ruminal degradability of grains and meals for energy concentrate feeds

“…However, other factors also could affect the degradability of the feeds as cultivar (Rossi et al, 2016), feed origin like coproduct or others (Busanello et al, 2016a;Lee et al, 2016), soluble carbohydrate content (Poorkasegaran and Yansari, 2014), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (Busanello et al, 2016b;Lee et al, 2016).…”

Yield survey and nutritional evaluation of garlic stalk for ruminant feed

“…The animals were fed 5 kg of a corn-based concentrate mix (DM 89.8%, CP 14.3%, EE 3.0%, crude ash 7.5%, CF 6.26%, NDF 29.6%, and ADF 17.2%) and 2 kg of rice straw daily to meet the nutrient requirements for early fattening steers [15]. The in situ trial was performed according to the method of Ørskov et al [16] as previously described in detail [17]. In brief, the experimental samples were milled to pass through a 2-mm sieve (Cemotec, Tecator, Skanor, Sweden), and then a 5-g sample (DM basis) was placed into a Dacron bag (10 × 20 cm, 53 ± 10-μm pore size; R1020, Ankom Technology, Macedon, NY, USA).…”

Effect of crude protein content and undegraded intake protein level on productivity, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and production economics of Hanwoo steers

“…UIP and DIP balances were adjusted primarily by changing the dietary proportion of soybean meal (SBM) as a CP source with high DIP, and a high-protein corn dried distillers grain (DDG) as a CP source with high UIP. The UIP content of the SBM and the high-protein DDG was determined in our previous in situ study [10] as 15.0% and 61.0% of CP, respectively. The UIP content of other feed ingredients was obtained from standard values specified by the Korean Feeding Standard Establishment Council [2].…”

“…Feed conversion ratios during the entire feeding period, expressed as DMI divided by ADG, were not affected by CP [2]. UIP and DIP contents of soybean meal and high-protein DDG were determined in our in situ experiment [10].…”

“… 1) TDN values were obtained from the mean values presented in the Korean Feeding Standard Establishment Council [ 2 ]. 2) UIP and DIP contents of soybean meal and high-protein DDG were determined in our in situ experiment [ 10 ]. For other feed ingredients, DIP and UIP values were obtained from the mean values presented in the Korean Feeding Standard Establishment Council [ 2 ].…”