In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of Single Particle Electrodes

Diagnostic Evaluation of Detrimental Phenomena in High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…An innovative application of Raman micro-spectroscopy to generate local surface composition images (at submicron lateral resolution) of positive and carbon negative electrodes in Li-ion cells was already reported [9,10,11,12]. The extraordinary potential of Raman micro-spectroscopy was demonstrated by in-situ acquisition of space-and time-resolved spectra from a thin operating Li-ion battery [13,14] and by in-situ studies of dynamic aspects of Li + intercalation-deintercalation at the scale of a single micrometer-size oxide or graphite particle in the composite electrode [15,16] or single graphite or LiMn 2 O 4 particle electrodes embedded into selected substrates [17,18,19,20].…”

Local-Probe Studies of Degradation of Composite LiNi[sub 0.8]Co[sub 0.15]Al[sub 0.05]O[sub 2] Cathodes in High-Power Lithium-Ion Cells

“…An innovative application of Raman micro-spectroscopy was presented in studies by Panitz and Novák [6,7,8,9], who used Raman surface mapping to generate local surface composition images of 30x35 µm areas (at 2 µm lateral resolution) of LiCoO 2 positive and carbon negative electrodes from commercial lithium-ion batteries. The extraordinary potential of in-situ Raman micro-spectroscopy to study dynamic aspects of Li + intercalation-deintercalation process was illustrated by the work of Luo et al [10,11], who collected good-quality, time-resolved Raman spectra from a single isolated (Fig. 3).…”

Electrochemical and In Situ Optical Characterization of Single Micrometer-Size Particles of Spherical Nickel Oxide in Alkaline Aqueous Electrolytes

“…Uchida and co-workers, for example, pioneered the use of microelectrodes to make contact to individual micrometer-size particles of electroactive materials, including transition metal oxides in nonaqueous electrolytes 1,2,6,7 and, more recently, spherical nickel hydroxide, S-Ni͑OH) 2 , in alkaline aqueous solutions, 8 allowing otherwise conventional electrochemical measurements, such as cyclic voltammetry 1,6-8 and impedance spectroscopy, [9][10][11][12] to be performed. Efforts in our laboratories have focused on the development and implementation of methods for characterizing in situ the Raman properties of single particles of carbon 5 and lithiated transition metal oxides 13 embedded in inert, albeit electronically conducting supports, as a function of their state of charge. An ingenious variation of this latter approach was recently introduced by Hamelmann and Lohrengel, 3 who isolated the electrochemical response of particles galvanically embedded into Au using a capillary-based droplet cell.…”