In situ preparation of zinc salts of unsaturated carboxylic acids to reinforce NBR

Yuan, Xinheng; Peng, Zonglin; Zhang, Yong; Zhang, Yinxi

doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20000919)77:12<2740::aid-app220>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 61 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…More ZDS is formed, higher reinforcement is observed in the systems. It is well documented that in situ formed zinc dimethacrylate acid has a significant reinforcement on rubbers [9][10][11][12][13]17]. Compared with the reported systems reinforced by the unsaturated metal carboxylates, although the increases in the mechanical performance do not surpass the previously reported ones, the present systems possess several advantages such as SA is a solid and edible substance with versatile reactivity and it is much cheaper than (meth)acrylic acid.…”

Section: Results and Discussion 41 Formation Of Zds During Rubber Vmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Crosslink density was determined by the equilibrium swelling method [10,11,17,22,23]. The value was classified into three types, that is, covalent crosslink density (V e1 ), ionic crosslink density (V e2 ) and total crosslink density (V e = V e1 + V e2 ).…”

Section: Determination Of Crosslink Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned above, the vulcanizates contained both covalent and ionic crosslinks, so it was significant to distinguish ionic crosslink density from covalent crosslink density. It was documented that rubber swollen in an acidic solution can destroy the ionic crosslinks [10,11,17]. To determine covalent crosslink density, samples were swollen again in the mixture of acetone and dichloroacetic acid for 120 h to destroy ionic crosslinks, then swollen in pure acetone for 72 h and weighed, and then vacuum dried and reweighed.…”

Section: Determination Of Crosslink Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionic clusters have also been proved to be reinforcing towards rubbers [5,6]. Since highly filled zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) reinforced hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) with high tensile and excellent abrasion resistance was developed by Zeon Chemicals, reactive metal carboxylates have been tried as novel rubber reinforcements for their good dispersion properties and reinforcing effect [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Zhang and coworkers [11][12][13][14] investigated the in situ formation of ZDMA and magnesium dimethacrylate (MDMA) by the reaction of zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO) with methacrylic acid (MAA), and discussed the reinforcing effect of the resultants on the rubbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors observed two structures in the vulcanizates: a micron-scale dispersion of residual ZDMA particles and a nanoscale dispersion of poly-ZDMA aggregates. Multiple mechanisms for the reinforcement of rubbers by reactive metal carboxylates were involved in the systems [11,14,17]. First, during the rubber vulcanization, the unsaturated metal carboxylates could be polymerized (crosslinking) to form the reinforcing nanoparticles via free radical mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinforcement of nitrile rubber by in situ formed zinc disorbate

Guo¹,

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Zinc disorbate (ZDS) was in situ formed by the reaction between sorbic acid (SA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in nitrile rubber (NBR). The effects of SA amount on the curing characteristics, crosslink density and mechanical properties of peroxide-cured NBR were studied. The results showed that ZDS was generated mainly during the rubber vulcanization, rather than the open mill compounding phase. The results from the crosslink density determinations showed that the formation of ZDS significantly increased the ionic bond content in the vulcanizates. In addition, the formation of ZDS greatly enhanced the mechanical properties of NBR vulcanizates. The modulus, tensile strength, tear strength and hardness were found to be increased with the loading of ZDS. Preheating the compounds before compression moulding was beneficial to the formation of ZDS, and consequently the increases in mechanical properties. At 40 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of SA and 16 phr ZnO, five to six folds of tensile strength and tear strength of the neat NBR vulcanizate were achieved. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results confirmed the nano-dispersion structure of the polymerized ZDS in the NBR matrix.

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Section: Results and Discussion 41 Formation Of Zds During Rubber Vmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Determination Of Crosslink Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Crosslink Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reinforcement of nitrile rubber by in situ formed zinc disorbate

Guo¹,

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

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Thin-film plasma-polymerized iso-t-pentinol and its postpolymerization properties

Salansky

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Thin films of plasma polymer were prepared from unsaturated precursor with one triple bond, iso-t-pentinol. This precursor was injected either in a vapor state itself or using argon as a carrier gas, bubbled through a precursor. These polymers were prepared under different fixed conditions when only one parameter of plasma polymerization among all the others was changed in each measurement during the process of polymerization (i.e., power in a matched reactor, precursor partial pressure, total pressure in reactor, electrode gap, and polymerization time). The samples were deposited on thin solid substrate having oxygenless molecules. Infrared Spectroscopy, IRS, Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis, ESCA (XPS), and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) were used for analyses of these samples. The results of analyses proved generation and growth of oxygen-containing groups by plasma polymerization (IRS); they also proved that COOO group concentration increased and CAO group concentration decreased in polymer surface layers during 24 h after plasma polymerization (ESCA). A drop of free radical concentration (measured by EPR) was steep from the end of plasma polymerization to 60 min and mild later on (to approximately 215 h). Amount of free radicals depended on the power in reactor.

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Reinforcement of EPDM by in situ prepared zinc dimethacrylate

Peng

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

101

113

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ABSTRACT:The mechanical properties and crosslink density of peroxide-cured ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) reinforced with zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) were studied. ZDMA was in situ prepared in EPDM matrix through the neutralization reaction of zinc oxide (ZnO) and methacrylate acid (MAA). The effect of ZnO/MAA amount and molar ratio of ZnO/MAA on the properties of the EPDM vulcanizate were investigated in detail. The experimental results showed that EPDM can be greatly reinforced by ZDMA. The excess amount of ZnO considerably increases the tensile strength of the EPDM vulcanizate to reach as high as 37 MPa, whereas its elongation at break keeps over 350%. The process of in situ formation of ZDMA in the EPDM compound was verified by WAXD. Such vulcanizate contains both covalent crosslinks and ionic crosslinks. Crosslink density was determined by an equilibrium swelling method. Dependence of crosslink density on the amount and molar ratio of ZnO/MAA was studied and the extraordinary high tensile strength of the EPDM/ZDMA vulcanizate was related to ionic crosslink density.

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In situ preparation of zinc salts of unsaturated carboxylic acids to reinforce NBR

Cited by 61 publications

References 6 publications

Reinforcement of nitrile rubber by in situ formed zinc disorbate

Reinforcement of nitrile rubber by in situ formed zinc disorbate

Thin-film plasma-polymerized iso-t-pentinol and its postpolymerization properties

Reinforcement of EPDM by in situ prepared zinc dimethacrylate

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