In situ preparation of Al@3-Perfluorohexyl-1, 2-epoxypropane@glycidyl azide polymer (Al@PFHP@GAP) high-energy material

Zhang, Lichen; Su, Xing; Wang, Shuo; Li, Xiaodong; Zou, Meishuai

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.137118

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…From among the energetic polymers, glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is one of the most common and widely studied [ 3 , 4 ]. The structure of GAP represents a linear polyester macromolecule whose side chain carries explosophoric azidomethyl groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New 5-Aminotetrazole-Based Energetic Polymers: Synthesis, Structure and Properties

et al. 2022

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An N-glycidyl-5-aminotetrazole homopolymer was synthesized herein by nucleophilic substitution of 5-aminotetrazole heterocycles for chlorine atoms in poly-(epichlorohydrin)-butanediol. Copolymers of N-glycidyl-5-aminotetrazole and glycidyl azide with a varied ratio of energetic elements were synthesized by simultaneously reacting the 5-aminotetrazole sodium salt and the azide ion with the starting polymeric matrix. The 5-aminotetrazole-based homopolymer was nitrated to furnish a polymer whose macromolecule is enriched additionally with energy-rich terminal ONO2 groups and nitrate anions. The structures of the synthesized polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopies, elemental analysis and gel-permeation chromatography. The densities were experimentally measured, and thermal stability data were acquired by differential scanning calorimetry. The insertion of aminotetrazole heterocycles into the polymeric chain and their modification via nitration provides an acceptable thermal stability and a considerable enhancement in density and nitrogen content compared to azide homopolymer GAP. By the 1.3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, we demonstrated the conceptual possibility of preparing spatially branched, energy-rich polymeric binders bearing 5-aminotetrazole and 1,2,3-triazole heterocycles starting from the plasticized azide copolymers. The presence of the aforesaid advantages makes the reported polymers attractive candidates for use as a scaffold of energetic binders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New 5-Aminotetrazole-Based Energetic Polymers: Synthesis, Structure and Properties

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, the construction of the core–shell structure prevents active Al from further oxidation, which makes the corresponding energetic materials remain highly reactive even after a long-term storage. Unfortunately, their practical application is limited by some issues such as the interfacial stability between the fluoride shell and Al core, the complicated preparation process, and the loss of energy density caused by exogenous components. − Therefore, it is challenging and urgent to find a feasible and high efficiency way to improve the combustion performance of Al-based energetic materials and simultaneously maintain the original high energy density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistically Enhanced Long-Term Effectiveness and Combustion Performance of Aluminum Nanoparticles by Partially Fluorinating External Alumina Shell

Nie

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Aluminum (Al) particles, especially nanosized Al (n-Al), are extremely liable to deteriorate when exposed to air during the preparation and storage process, which seriously threatens their inherent energy density and limits their combustion behavior. Until now, it is really challenging and urgent to improve the combustion performance without sacrificing the original high energy density. Here, in situ direct fluorination by utilizing F2/N2 mixed gas as a fluorinating agent was first applied to modify n-Al particles, and the nonenergetic Al2O3 shell with a high melting point was converted into a partially fluorinated metal oxide (aluminum oxyfluoride, AlO x F y ) shell. The results indicated that surficial direct fluorination equipped n-Al particles with a much better corrosion resistance to oxygen and moisture. Especially, regarding the problem of aqueous corrosion, the corrosion rate of fluorinated samples surprisingly decreased up to 4.46 mil/year from 68.69 mil/year of raw samples. More importantly, AlO x F y was readily decomposed by being heated and the produced AlF3 easily vaporized due to its lower boiling point in comparison with Al2O3, which effectively promoted the oxidation behavior of fluorinated n-Al particles. Furtherly, the improved energy release in ignition experiments confirmed the synergistically enhanced long-term effectiveness and combustion performance of the fluorinated n-Al samples. Therefore, a feasible strategy was demonstrated to enhance ultimate energy release performance of n-Al particles, and its advantages of high efficiency and solvent-free procedure highlight its great potential in practical applications.

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“…Aluminum powder plays an important role in energetic materials, due to its high combustion calorific value, low price, and high energy density [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. At the same time, Aluminum is the most abundant crustal metal on Earth and can be fully recycled, which gives it good potential for hydrogen production [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an energetic binder commonly used in explosives and propellants [ 25 , 26 ]. Another layer of GAP coating can not only increase the energy of the aluminum powder system, but also improve the compatibility with the explosive components [ 2 ]. However, GAP is highly polar, and incompatible with conventional fluorides [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another layer of GAP coating can not only increase the energy of the aluminum powder system, but also improve the compatibility with the explosive components [ 2 ]. However, GAP is highly polar, and incompatible with conventional fluorides [ 2 ]. Unlike the fluorides containing polar functional groups including -OH, -COOH, -NH 2 , and etc., highly hydrophobic siloxane groups further contribute to the non-polarity of fluorine-containing silanes [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energetic and Protective Coating via Chemical and Physical Synergism for High Water-Reactive Aluminum Powder

et al. 2022

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Aluminum powder plays important role in the field of energetic materials. However, it is often vulnerable to oxygen and water due to the high reactivity of aluminum, and it is challenging to build up uniform and passivated coating via existing means. In this work, (Heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetradecyl) trimethoxysilane (FAS-17) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) were used to coat the surface of high water-reactive aluminum powder (w-Al) to form inactivated w-Al@FAS-17@GAP energetic materials, via the synergy of chemical bonding and physical attraction. Thermal reaction tests showed that the exothermic enthalpy of w-Al@FAS-17@GAP was 5.26 times that of w-Al. Ignition tests showed that w-Al@FAS-17@GAP burnt violently at 760 °C, while w-Al could not be ignited even at 950 °C. In addition, the combined coating of FAS-17 and GAP could effectively improve the hydrophobicity and long-term stability of w-Al, which helped to overcome the poor compatibility of w-Al with explosive components. Our work not only displayed an effective routine to synthesize O2/H2O proof Al energetic materials, but also pointed out a synergistically chemical and physical strategy for constructing intact high-performance surfaces.

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In situ preparation of Al@3-Perfluorohexyl-1, 2-epoxypropane@glycidyl azide polymer (Al@PFHP@GAP) high-energy material

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

New 5-Aminotetrazole-Based Energetic Polymers: Synthesis, Structure and Properties

New 5-Aminotetrazole-Based Energetic Polymers: Synthesis, Structure and Properties

Synergistically Enhanced Long-Term Effectiveness and Combustion Performance of Aluminum Nanoparticles by Partially Fluorinating External Alumina Shell

Energetic and Protective Coating via Chemical and Physical Synergism for High Water-Reactive Aluminum Powder

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