In situ PM-IRRAS of a glassy carbon electrode/deep eutectic solvent interface

Vieira, Luciana; Schennach, Robert; Gollas, Bernhard

doi:10.1039/c5cp00070j

Cited by 89 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(163 reference statements)

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“…Whereas blocking of the glassy carbon surface by an adsorbed layer of choline ions was reported to play a role in the electrodeposition of zinc, the reduction potentials for Sn II and Bi III are significantly more positive than those reported for surface blocking (≈−2.0 V and below). Hence, blocking effects such as those reported during the electrodeposition of zinc from the same electrolyte can be dismissed in the potential range of −1.5 to +1.0 V versus Ag wire used here for Sn and Bi.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tin, Bismuth, and Tin–Bismuth Alloy Electrodeposition from Chlorometalate Salts in Deep Eutectic Solvents

et al. 2017

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The electrodeposition of tin, bismuth, and tin–bismuth alloys from SnII and BiIII chlorometalate salts in the choline chloride/ethylene glycol (1:2 molar ratio) deep eutectic solvent was studied on glassy carbon and gold by cyclic voltammetry, rotating disc voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. The SnII‐containing electrolyte showed one voltammetric redox process corresponding to SnII/Sn0. The diffusion coefficient of [SnCl3]−, detected as the dominating species by Raman spectroscopy, was determined from Levich and Cottrell analyses. The BiIII‐containing electrolyte showed two voltammetric reduction processes, both attributed to BiIII/Bi0. Dimensionless current/time transients revealed that the electrodeposition of both Sn and Bi on glassy carbon proceeded by 3D‐progressive nucleation at a low overpotential and changed to instantaneous at higher overpotentials. The nucleation rate of Bi on glassy carbon was considerably smaller than that of Sn. Elemental Sn and Bi were electrodeposited on Au‐coated glass slides from their respective salt solutions, as were Sn–Bi alloys from a 2:1 SnII/BiIII solution. The biphasic Sn–Bi alloys changed from a Bi‐rich composition to a Sn‐rich composition by making the deposition potential more negative.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tin, Bismuth, and Tin–Bismuth Alloy Electrodeposition from Chlorometalate Salts in Deep Eutectic Solvents

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, the vibrational bands at 1166 cm −1 indicated the presence of aliphatic ketone groups in the two precipitants. Moreover, the signal at 3500–3200 cm −1 associated to OH groups, 3100–2800 cm −1 to CH, CH 3 and CH 2 stretching bands, 1477 cm −1 to asymmetric bending of N + (CH 3 ) 3 and 955 cm −1 to asymmetric stretching of C‐N + (CH 3 ) 3 in the two precipitants indicated the structure of Ch − was not destroyed. Overall, the main content of precipitants was ChCl.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sustainable system for maleic acid synthesis from biomass‐derived sugar

Bai

Wang

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: The preparation of maleic acid from the oxidation of renewable furfural has attracted significant attention, but research regarding the direct transformation of biomass-derived sugar to maleic acid is rare. The research regarding the direct transformation of xylose to maleic acid would further promote its industrial applications. RESULTS: The direct synthesis of maleic acid from xylose was investigated based on a sustainable system of deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Four DESs were screened to evaluate their abilities for the dehydration of xylose. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )was then loaded to realize the oxidation of furfural without the separation of intermediates. A good maleic acid yield of 20.8%, along with 5.0% of fumaric acid, based on the xylose content were obtained under the initial xylose loading of 50 mM, a tin(IV) chloride (SnCl 4 )-xylose molar ratio of 4:1, in a monophase choline chloride (ChCl)-formic acid (Fa) (molar ratio of 1:6) system at 120 ∘ C for 2 h. Then, 4 mL of H 2 O 2 per mmol furfural was loaded for a further 10 min at 120 ∘ C.CONCLUSION: This ChCl-Fa-SnCl 4 -H 2 O 2 system possesses a higher oxidation selectivity to maleic acid with no furanone and succinic acid. Moreover, it was interesting that ChCl and SnCl 4 could be recovered through natural recrystallization.

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“…The IR spectra in Figure 2 a–c were used to characterize the lignin-EG interactions after microwave processing. EG in Figure 2 a shows major absorption bands at 3200–3500, 2935/2877, and 1083/1032 cm −1 , representing the O–H, C–H, and C–O stretching bands [ 35 ]. This shift in the OH wavenumber is an indicator of the change in intermolecular interactions [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin from Hardwood and Softwood Biomass as a Lubricating Additive to Ethylene Glycol

Μάτσακας

et al. 2018

Molecules

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Ethylene glycol (EG)-based lubricant was prepared with dissolved organosolv lignin from birch wood (BL) and softwood (SL) biomass. The effects of different lignin types on the rheological, thermal, and tribological properties of the lignin/EG lubricants were comprehensively investigated by various characterization techniques. Dissolving organosolv lignin in EG results in outstanding lubricating properties. Specifically, the wear volume of the disc by EG-44BL is only 8.9% of that lubricated by pure EG. The enhanced anti-wear property of the EG/lignin system could be attributed to the formation of a robust lubrication film and the strong adhesion of the lubricant on the contacting metal surface due to the presence of a dense hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) network. The lubricating performance of EG-BL outperforms EG-SL, which could be attributed to the denser H-bonding sites in BL and its broader molecular weight distribution. The disc wear loss of EG-44BL is only 45.7% of that lubricated by EG-44SL. Overall, H-bonding is the major contributor to the different tribological properties of BL and SL in EG-based lubricants.

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In situ PM-IRRAS of a glassy carbon electrode/deep eutectic solvent interface

Cited by 89 publications

References 76 publications

Tin, Bismuth, and Tin–Bismuth Alloy Electrodeposition from Chlorometalate Salts in Deep Eutectic Solvents

Tin, Bismuth, and Tin–Bismuth Alloy Electrodeposition from Chlorometalate Salts in Deep Eutectic Solvents

A sustainable system for maleic acid synthesis from biomass‐derived sugar

Lignin from Hardwood and Softwood Biomass as a Lubricating Additive to Ethylene Glycol

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