In-situ observations and acoustic measurements upon fragmentation of free-floating intermetallics under ultrasonic cavitation in water

Hydrodynamic cavitation efficiently inactivates potato virus Y in water

“…They showed that the magnitude of shockwaves exceeded several MPa, while reaching supersonic velocities, thus creating conditions that could be harsh enough to cause virus inactivation. Similarly, but for acoustic cavitation, Priyadarshi et al [55] showed that shockwaves emitted at collapsing cavitation bubbles induced by an ultrasonic horn, also have a magnitude in the order of MPa and that they are most probably responsible for the fragmentation of solid intermetallic crystals. Since every structure, solid or not, has its own resonance frequency, they can be shattered by a frequency induced in the same frequency range.…”

Microstructure evolution and grain refinement of ultrasonic-assisted soldering joint by using Ni foam reinforced Sn composite solder

“…Finally, the small particles and the refined (Ni,Cu) 3 Sn 4 layer are squeezed between Ni skeletons, forming a loose structure. Under cavitation action and continuous mechanical vibration, the IMCs break off from Cu substrates and Ni skeletons and dissociate to small particles in the soldering seam [44] , [45] . This explains that only a very thin (Ni,Cu) 3 Sn 4 layer is on the surface of the Ni framework while the (Cu,Ni) 6 Sn 5 phase is distributed throughout the Cu/Ni60-Sn/Cu joint.…”

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of TiB2/2195 composites fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted in-situ casting

“…It can be seen from the previous results that UT can not only refine grains but also change the microstructure of the second phase, refine particles and prevent particle agglomeration. It is generally considered that this is the synergistic effect of acoustic streaming and ultrasonic cavitation [21] , [33] , [34] , [35] .…”