In Situ Observation of the Precipitation, Aggregation, and Dissolution Behaviors of TiN Inclusion on the Surface of Liquid GCr15 Bearing Steel

Tian, Qianren; Wang, Guocheng; Shang, Deli; Lei, Hong; Yuan, Xinghu; Wang, Qi; Li, Jing

doi:10.1007/s11663-018-1411-8

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…FactSage TM calculation results are consistent with XRD results, in which MCx were found to be M3C, M7C3, and Cr3C2. As demonstrated in previous work [14,22], TiN precipitates in the mushy zone of GCr15 bearing steel, and their size is affected by the concentration of Ti and N around TiN crystal nucleus. Ti and N both are positive segregation elements (k > 0), their concentrations and, consequently, the supersaturation increases with an increase in solid fraction, and TiN precipitation become easier during solidification process.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysissupporting

confidence: 59%

Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Tian

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2019

Metals

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Nitride and carbide are the second phases which play an important role in the performance of bearing steel, and their precipitation behavior is complicated. In this study, TiN-MCxprecipitations in GCr15 bearing steels were obtained by non-aqueous electrolysis, and their precipitation mechanisms were studied. TiN is the effective heterogeneous nucleation site for Fe7C3 and Fe3C; therefore, MCxcan precipitate on the surface of TiN easily. The chemistry component of MCx consists of M3C and M7C3 (M = Fe, Cr, Mn) and Cr3C2. TiN-MCx with high TiN volume fraction, TiN forms in early stage of solidification, and MCx precipitates on TiN surface after TiN engulfed by the solidification advancing front. TiN-MCx with low TiN volume fraction, TiN and MCx form in late stage of solidification, TiN can not grow sufficiently and is covered by numerous precipitated MCxparticles.

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Section: Thermodynamic Analysissupporting

confidence: 59%

Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Tian

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…However, Pervushuin et al [34] reported that TiN was pushed into the liquid side in molten steel during solidification. In our previous study [22], the local cooling rate and movement velocity of solidification front are confirmed as 0.7 K/s and 3 μm/s by the observation of confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), respectively. The changes of temperature, time, and distance are approximately 7 K, 10.6 seconds, and 32 μm, as shown in Figure 8.…”

Section: Pushing and Engulfment Behavior Of Particlesmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Phase diagram for Fe-1.5%Cr-C system (the shadow part is the mushy zone of steel, C presents the pure substance C(s); M 3 C (Cementite) presents Fe 3 C with dissolved Cr, Mn; M 7 C presents carbide phase found in Cr, Mn-containing steels; FCC and BCC present the face-centered cubic iron (γ-Fe) and body-centered cubic iron (α-Fe), respectively).According to the authors previous work[14,22], TiN precipitates in the mushy zone of GCr15 bearing steel, and their size is affected by the concentration of Ti and N around TiN crystal nucleus. Ti and N both are positive segregation elements (k > 0), their concentrations and consequently the supersaturation increases with solid fraction increasing, and TiN precipitation become easier during solidification process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Tian¹,

Wang²,

Yuan³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Nitride and carbide are the second phases which play an important role in the performance of bearing steel, and their precipitation behavior is complicated. In this study, TiN-MCx precipitations in GCr15 bearing steels were obtained by non-aqueous electrolysis, and their precipitation mechanisms were studied. TiN is the effective heterogeneous nucleation site for Fe7C3 and Fe3C, therefore, MCx can precipitate on the surface of TiN easily, its chemistry component consists of M3C and M7C3 (M = Fe, Cr, Mn) and Cr3C2. TiN-MCx with high TiN volume fraction, TiN forms in early stage of solidification, and MCx precipitates on TiN surface after TiN engulfed by the solidification advancing front. TiN-MCx with low TiN volume fraction, TiN and MCx form in late stage of solidification, TiN can not grow sufficiently and is covered by a large number of precipitated MCx particles.

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“…As shown in Table 4, it can be seen that the Lever-rule model is obtained based on the assumption that solute elements are completely diffused in both liquid and γ-Fe phases; however, the Scheil model neglects such diffusion in the γ-Fe phase, which means the solute elements are completely diffused in liquid and have no diffusion in the γ-Fe phase. Due to the fact that the diffusion coefficient of N is much larger than that of Ti in the γ-Fe phase, as comparison of Equations (18) and (19) indicates [18,21], and more obviously supported by Figure 2, so, it is reasonable to assume that solute element N is completely diffused in the γ-Fe phase and the diffusion in the γ-Fe phase for Ti is neglected. That is to say, the Lever-rule model is applied for the N and Scheil model for Ti.…”

Section: Usage Of the Lrsm Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The expressions of D γ i for solute elements N and Ti are shown in Equations (18) and (19), respectively; SDAS L (herein, the unit of L calculated by Equation (29) was µm) is related with the cooling rate R C (K/s) and the carbon concentration w [C] , as expressed by Equation (29) [28]; the local solidification time τ (s) was calculated by Equation (30) [21,29].…”

Section: Usage Of Ohnaka Model On Considering the Effect Of Carbon Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding TiN Precipitation Behavior during Solidification of SWRH 92A Tire Cord Steel by Selected Thermodynamic Models

et al. 2019

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Tire cord steel is widely used in the tire production process of the vehicle manufacturing industry due to its excellent strength and toughness. Titanium nitride (TiN) inclusion, existing in tire rod, has a seriously detrimental effect on the fatigue and drawing performances of the tire steel. In order to control its amount and morphology, the precipitation behavior of TiN during solidification in SWRH 92A tire cord steel was analyzed by selected thermodynamic models. The calculated results showed that TiN cannot precipitate in the liquid phase region regardless of the selected models. However, the precipitation of TiN in the mushy zone would occur at the final stage during the solidification process (at solid fractions greater than 0.98) if the LRSM (Lever-rule model was applied for the N and Scheil model for Ti) or Ohnaka models (without considering the effect of carbon on secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS)) were adopted. For the Ohnaka model, in the case when the effect of carbon on SDAS was considered, TiN would probably precipitate in the solid phase zone rather than precipitate in the liquid phase region or mushy zone.

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In Situ Observation of the Precipitation, Aggregation, and Dissolution Behaviors of TiN Inclusion on the Surface of Liquid GCr15 Bearing Steel

Cited by 36 publications

References 39 publications

Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Understanding TiN Precipitation Behavior during Solidification of SWRH 92A Tire Cord Steel by Selected Thermodynamic Models

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