Complex Precipitates of TiN-MCx in GCr15 Bearing Steel

Tian, Qianren; Wang, Guocheng; Yuan, Xinghu; Wang, Qi; Sridhar, Seetharaman

doi:10.3390/met9060641

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…By characterizing the microstructure at different locations in the ingot, it was found that the size of the primary carbides varied with the center segregation in continuous casting [12]. Furthermore, the size of the primary carbides in the central region with a slower cooling rate was the largest, while that in the marginal region was the smallest [16]. The austenite grain could also be refined by adding rare earth elements, thus leading to the further refinement of primary carbides [3,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Segregation of Fe–C Alloy in Solidification by Phase-Field Method Coupled with Thermodynamics

Gong

Chen

Hao

et al. 2023

Metals

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The primary carbide in high carbon chromium bearing steels, which arises from solute segregation during non-equilibrium solidification, is one of the key factors affecting the mechanical properties and performance of the related components. In this work, the effects of carbide forming element diffusion, primary austenite grain size, and the cooling rate on solute segregation and carbide precipitation during the solidification of an Fe–C binary alloy were studied by the phase-field method coupled with a thermodynamic database. It was clarified that increasing the ratio of solute diffusivity in solid and liquid, refining the grain size of primary austenite to lower than a critical value, and increasing the cooling rate can reduce the solute segregation and precipitation of primary carbide at late solidification. Two characteristic parameters were introduced to quantitatively evaluate the solute segregation during solidification including the phase fraction threshold of primary austenite when the solute concentration in liquid reaches the eutectic composition, and the maximum segregation ratio. Both parameters can be well-correlated to the ratio of solute diffusivity in solid and liquid, the grain size of primary austenite, and the cooling rate, which provides potential ways to control the solute segregation and precipitation of primary carbide in bearing steels.

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