In Situ Observation of Step Evolution on {100} Face of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> Crystal in Solution by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

Krasiński, Mariusz J.; Rolandi, R.

doi:10.1002/crat.2170310209

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…As we know, reversed crystal growth in nanocrystals has been described in detail 18 19 , which basically follows a sequence of steps: 1) amorphous aggregates get together to form a disordered cluster; 2) the surface of the disordered cluster crystallizes first; 3) finally, the interior of cluster crystallizes from surface to core. The growth of the (100) face of KDP crystals had been investigated in previous work 4 20 21 22 , but no such reversed growth had been reported. However, in our growth study, when supersaturation is 0.04, the reversed growth occurred on the (100) face of the KDP crystal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of the evolution with time of step roughness on KDP crystal faces with high densities of kinks has also been done using AFM3. Mariusz et al 4 used in situ AFM to study the surface morphology of the (100) face of a KDP crystal, and observed step pinning. Two dislocation spirals of different signs on the prism face of the KDP crystal were observed using AFM in 19995.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Large size KDP single crystal growth using “z plate” or “point seed” methodology has been well characterized. Also, the growth characteristics and the effect of supersaturation have been reported 4 5 6 7 . KDP crystals grown at σ < 0.25 were generated largely by a screw dislocation mechanism, which was verified using atomic force microscopy (AFM) scanning 2 .…”

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Effect of supersaturation on hillock of directional Growth of KDP crystals

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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KDP single crystals were grown in aqueous solution by using “point seeds” with a defined crystallographic direction of 59° to the Z axis. When hillock slopes on the (100) face of KDP crystals were measured within the supersaturation (σ) range of 0 < σ ≤ 0.06, the slope of hillocks with hollow cores depended nonlinearly on supersaturation. Below σ = 0.02, the hillock slope depended on supersaturation, but when σ was ≥ 0.02, the hillock slope increased more gradually and was less dependent on supersaturation. Hollow funnel-shaped growth dislocation on the (100) face of KDP crystals was observed at σ = 0.04, characterized by large holes with micro-steps and step bunching inside, the formation of which were analyzed. The result verified that the reversed growth appears to occur within hollow channels found on growth hillocks.

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Effect of supersaturation on hillock of directional Growth of KDP crystals

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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“…The laser light for AFM control goes through the glass holder, reflects at the cantilever, and reaches obliquely the upward detector. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) was chosen as a model crystal because it has been widely studied by OM [9] and AFM [10][11][12]. The reagent was purchased from Wako pure chemical industries, Ltd. and used without further purification.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid observation of crystal growth using laser confocal microscope with atomic force microscope

Yanagiya

Goto

2010

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…In some cases the single most central issue is the natural aqueous medium for the systems addressed. This applies, for example to ionic crystal dissolution [1][2][3], surface chemical processes [4,5] and, conspicuously, to the imaging of proteins and of protein and protein-membrane complexes [6][7][8][9][10][11] in solution. Water is here both an integrated structural element of the molecules imaged and an absolute prerequisite for observation of the conformational changes and other dynamic features associated directly with protein function.…”

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A new cell design for potentiostatically controlled in situ atomic force microscopy

Madsen

Friis

Andersen

et al. 1998

Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing

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We describe the design and construction of a new type of AFM cell for in situ imaging under potentiostatic control. The cell is specifically designed for a Rasterscope 4000 TM AFM instrument with no need for instrumental modification, but can easily be adapted to other commercial instruments. The cell is a closed system with insignificant sample evaporation. It is a chemically and mechanically robust two-component system which enables fast assembly and testing prior to insertion and minimizes leakage problems. The cell is also laterally flexible, facilitating scanning of large areas, holds inlets for rapid flushing and change of solution, and contains an optical device for adjusting the laser beam deflection in aqueous and gas ambient environments.Cyclic voltammetry of a simple redox couple and combined cyclic voltammetry and in situ AFM of copper deposition/dissolution cycles testify to perfect cell performance.Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of nanoscale structure and dynamics at the interface between a solid and an aqueous solution has received broad recent attention in a range of contexts. In some cases the single most central issue is the natural aqueous medium for the systems addressed. This applies, for example to ionic crystal dissolution [1-3], surface chemical processes [4,5] and, conspicuously, to the imaging of proteins and of protein and protein-membrane complexes [6][7][8][9][10][11] in solution. Water is here both an integrated structural element of the molecules imaged and an absolute prerequisite for observation of the conformational changes and other dynamic features associated directly with protein function.AFM imaging of molecular structure and dynamics in aqueous solution could be assigned the appellation in situ AFM. This notion is, however, reserved for configurations where, in addition to the aqueous environment, potentiostatic substrate (and tip) control is required, i.e. for imaging of electrochemical interfaces. In situ images of physically rather different electrochemical interfacial systems specifically in this AFM mode have been reported recently. These include:a) Metal deposition and nanostructure formation and dissolution [12-16]; (b) electrochemical oxide and hydride growth at metal and semiconductor surfaces [17-20]; (c) anion adsorption [21, 22]; (d) supramolecular organization of large nanometer-size adsorbate molecules [23, 24]; and (e) synthesis and characterization of nanoscale metallic and semiconductor particles with microelectrode or other device-like properties [25, 26]. Such investigations hold highly important perspectives for direct imaging of the surface morphology and its time evolution. They are also complementary to in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), where conductivity and electronic properties are primary observables rather than the outer system morphology, such as in AFM.In the present work we describe the design and function of a new type of AFM cell for in situ imaging under potentiostatic control. The cell is specifically designed to fit a commercial ...

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In Situ Observation of Step Evolution on {100} Face of KH₂PO₄ Crystal in Solution by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of supersaturation on hillock of directional Growth of KDP crystals

Effect of supersaturation on hillock of directional Growth of KDP crystals

Hybrid observation of crystal growth using laser confocal microscope with atomic force microscope

A new cell design for potentiostatically controlled in situ atomic force microscopy

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In Situ Observation of Step Evolution on {100} Face of KH2PO4 Crystal in Solution by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of supersaturation on hillock of directional Growth of KDP crystals

Effect of supersaturation on hillock of directional Growth of KDP crystals

Hybrid observation of crystal growth using laser confocal microscope with atomic force microscope

A new cell design for potentiostatically controlled in situ atomic force microscopy

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Product

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In Situ Observation of Step Evolution on {100} Face of KH₂PO₄ Crystal in Solution by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)